For some Western philosophers, notably Kant, enlightenment is a greater understanding of humanity derived from observations rather than superstitions. The Age of Enlightenment is often referred to as a flowering of scientific understanding in 17th and 18th-century Europe. That said, spiritual enlightenment has its roots in Buddhism and the teachings of established religions, especially, Hinduism, Jainism and Zoroastrianism. Although related concepts – because they both really mean a deeper knowledge – the Western and Eastern versions should not be conflated with one another. Spiritual enlightenment is known as bodhi by Buddhists and moksha in Hinduism. These words roughly translate as either awakening or liberation. As such, spiritually enlightened thought should be considered to be as something akin to a revelation - what Christians might call an epiphany by way of comparison.
In essence, goal setting is a practice that means people will commit to future objectives or achievements and work out a plan that they will try to stick to in order to accomplish them. The idea is that it is really a form of planning that tries to move you on from your current situation to a new, improved one. As such, setting goals in a formal or even semi-formal way tends to improve focus. It also often means that you can keep your 'eyes on the prize' more effectively by helping you to avoid distractions and other calls on your time that do not work towards the objective you have set for yourself. Setting goals will often mean committing to a level of effort in order to achieve them, but by their very definition, the goals ought to be rewarding in some way.
The concept of the quantified self relates to how people make quantifiable records of themselves in a wide range of activities and emotional reactions. Instead of making a qualitative judgement of oneself, this concept relies on scoring and recording data. So, if you were to judge yourself as feeling healthy and alive after a run or a swim, then this would be a qualitative judgement. However, if you had quantifiable data to back this up, such as counting the number of steps you took or your average heart rate as well as data relating to your release of serotonin, for instance, then this would count as forming part of the quantified self. Since technology has become increasingly miniaturised and able to communicate its data via the internet, the concept of the quantified self has grown in popularity.