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Journaling isn’t just for teenagers. As Arlo Laibowitz explains, jotting down your thoughts, plans and reflections can help you with self-development. Check out these six different journaling techniques and the many benefits they will bring to your life. Many of us have started writing a diary or journal at some points in our lives. And many of us have also stopped writing in them not that much later! Many famous artists, writers, entrepreneurs, inventors, and thinkers keep, or have kept, journals, and there are many different journaling techniques. For many, it's a creative necessity and outlet. For some, it's a place for exploration, and yet for others, it's an art form in itself. Journaling can be enriching and fulfilling on many levels. It can lead to insights, personal growth, and setting and achieving goals. Journals record our thoughts, feelings and reflections. In doing so, they create a through-line in our life, a place of refuge and reflection, that we can visit and revisit. Personally, I started journaling some years ago, as part of the Morning Papers practice of The Artist’s Way. I've written notebooks full of journal entries related to personal growth, gratitude, creative development, project ideas, personal insecurities, blocked traumas, to-do-lists, goals, dreams and much more. I've tried different journal techniques for weeks or months at a time – and have also not journaled for weeks in between entries! Every time I come back to the practice and sustain it on a regular basis, I feel I can go deeper, explore things more explicit, and in the process, experience a wonderful journey to my interior. So, what are the benefits of journaling? And what different journaling techniques can we employ? How do we go about starting and sustaining a journaling habit? Dream diaries: keep track of your dreams... or maybe your ambitions? What are the benefits of journaling? In different studies, journaling has been identified as a so-called 'keystone habit', a habit that is defining and catalysing more habits in your life. As Charles Duhig writes in The Power of Habit, these keystones are “small changes or habits that people introduce into their routines that unintentionally carry over into other aspects of their lives.” The benefits of journaling are emotional, cognitive, creative and possibly even spiritual. Journaling helps us to: Know ourselves better, by clarifying our thoughts and feelings. Release thoughts and emotions, by recognizing and tracking them. Increase focus, deepen our learning and problem solving, in ‘decluttering’ our minds. Boost stability, detach and let go of the past; similar as in meditation practices, by developing our awareness of our thoughts and letting go of our clinging to them. Resolve disagreements with others, by detaching ourselves from the conflict and reflecting on it. Furthermore, studies show that keeping a gratitude journal offers some added benefits. People that keep a gratitude journal are happier, healthier, more balanced and generally more optimistic. They are less self-centered, and less susceptible to feelings of envy, more relaxed, better in decision-making, and more strengthened in their emotions and developed in their personality. Journaling: six different techniques 1. Enso drawing There are various forms of journaling. We can choose a traditional way, with pen and paper, or write in an electronic journal, use various media, or add art practices to our journaling (like drawings or collages, or even specialised forms like enso drawing). 2. Ten minute routine An easy technique to start journaling is practising the Ten minute routine. Before going to bed, ask yourself so-called “requests” – the things that you're trying to accomplish – and write them down. Then, in the morning, write down your answers and thoughts on these questions. This way of journaling is especially efficient to review and sharpen your to-do-list and life vision, as they become forged in your subconscious mind. “There are many journaling techniques. For many, it's a creative necessity and outlet. For others, it's an art form in itself.” 3. Stream of consciousness Another tried way to journal is journaling every day in a stream of consciousness. Write down any thought, memory, to-do-list, feeling, drawing, or whatever else pops up. Just let it flow as you write, without trying to censor or edit yourself. 4. Morning memories A different journaling technique is writing 'morning memories'. Schedule your journaling session each morning, before you start your day. Use the same journal every day, sit in the same spot, and when you’re done writing, take time to reflect on what you've written and accomplished in that session. RELATED: Morning meditation – the secret to a great day 5. Gratitude journaling Probably the most researched journaling technique is keeping a gratitude journal. For maximum benefit, take 15 minutes per day, three to four times a week, to journal what you're grateful for on that day. Be specific, choose depth of gratitude instead of breadth, and try to get personal (being thankful to people is more efficient than to things). Make a note of seeing good things as a gift, savoring surprises and unexpected events. Journaling techniques: start putting pen to paper 6. Intensive journal A comprehensive method of journaling is using the intensive journal process. This copyrighted process, which can be learned in specialised workshops, enables the person journaling to get to know themselves on profound levels. “People that keep a gratitude journal are happier, healthier, more balanced, and generally more optimistic.” The Intensive Journal Workbook is a large notebook filled with paper and divided into four dimensions of human experience: Life/Time, Dialogue, Depth and Meaning. Each of these aspects is divided into several subsections to work through in the path that the method prescribes. Some of these paragraphs are used to write about our memory of the events of our lives as well as dreams and images. Others are more geared towards stimulating insights and creative activity. How to start and sustain a journaling habit There are as many ways to initiate and maintain your journaling, as there are different forms of journaling. A straightforward way to start journaling is by starting every day with writing down tasks and goals that you have for that day. Only write a few items, to make it easy to start and make progress. It's useful to mix personal and professional things. By keeping each journal entry short in the beginning, it's easy to succeed. At the end of each day, look back at what you've accomplished, what you've learned, what you want to explore further, and what you want to pursue the next day. Once you've developed a basic journaling practice, you can dig deeper and further expand it. Some commonly held beliefs and ‘best practices’ include: Start writing about where you are in your life at this moment, and build on that in subsequent journal entries. Start a dialogue with your inner child by writing in your non-dominant hand, and switching back to your dominant hand. For sustaining your gratitude practice, maintain a daily list of things you appreciate, including uplifting quotes. Start a journal of self-portraits; draw, write, or collage who you are today, and learn to appreciate and develop yourself. Keep a nature diary to connect with the natural world: record what you experience in looking at the sky experiences the weather or walks in nature. Maintain a log of successes, starting with big ones that you remember, and then add them as they occur. Keep a log or playlist of your favourite songs. Write about the moods and memories they trigger. If there’s something you're struggling with or an event that’s disturbing you, write about it in the third person to create distance and perspective. Journal techniques: travels to our interior Journaling is a powerful habit that enables us to get a more in-depth and clearer understanding of the thoughts, feelings and issues we're working through. Whether we use journaling to accompany our meditation, forgiveness, or gratitude practices, or to work through emotional trauma or creative stumble blocks, a daily practice enables us to focus and develop further. Trying different journaling techniques has given me many benefits in life. I wish you the same journey as you explore your journaling practice! ● Images: Cathryn Laver, Ben White, Haley Powers, Estée Janssens on Unsplash happiness.com | The fine art of being: learn, practise, share Are you a happiness.com member yet? Sign up for free now to enjoy: ■ our happiness magazine with practical life tips ■ share and support in our happiness forum ■ self-develop with free online classes in our Academy Stress management | Mindfulness | Burnout Written by Arlo Laibowitz Arlo is a filmmaker, artist, lecturer, and intermittent practitioner of metta meditation and morning yoga. When not dreaming about impossible projects and making them happen in the most impractical ways possible, he journals, listens to jazz, or cuddles with his better half.

There are many misconceptions about bridging differences, so we consulted with researchers and practitioners to clarify what it is — and what it isn’t. BY SCOTT SHIGEOKA and JASON MARSH on behalf of Greater Good Science Center. Are you a Bridger? The two of us would like to think we are. After all, over the past two years, we’ve helped to lead the Greater Good Science Center’s Bridging Differences initiative, which has been exploring the keys to positive dialogue and understanding across lines of race, religion, political ideology, and more. Yet this work has raised some challenging questions for us. Does “bridging differences” mean that we paper over social injustice in pursuit of social harmony? Does it require us to sacrifice our ideals in order to always find common ground with others? Or to accommodate views or behavior that we find abhorrent? These questions have taken on even greater urgency over the past several months, as the COVID-19 pandemic has forced a reckoning with systemic racism in this country [USA] and all of the inequities that follow from it. Calls to “bridge differences” in this moment can seem to gloss over centuries of discrimination and oppression, pushing for reconciliation before fully acknowledging and addressing the experiences of African Americans. That’s one big reason — among many — why we think it’s important to clarify what bridging differences actually entails. In reviewing years of research on the topic, and through conversations with some of the leading voices in the field, we have surfaced eight key principles to help explain what we think bridging differences is — and is not — all about. 1. Bridging starts with a recognition of common humanity First off, it’s important to stress that bridge building does not mean that you always agree with another person or even find common ground with them. In fact, you might disagree with them vehemently. But the key is that you don’t dehumanize them in the process — you never reduce them to a caricature or see them as somehow less worthy of health and happiness than you are. Bridging also means listening shutterstock/Corepics VOF Indeed, bridging starts from recognizing that another person or group has their own human needs, tastes, values, goals, and worldview, just as you do. Without that basic recognition of your shared humanity, constructive dialogue — to say nothing of problem solving — is unlikely to happen. “A lot of bridging happens because someone feels like they’ve been heard,” says john a. powell, a civil rights expert and the director of UC Berkeley’s Othering and Belonging Institute. “It means a lot to be seen, heard, and understood... it’s very close to being loved.” By contrast, research by Emile Bruneau and Nour Kteily suggests that dehumanizing a member of another group is strongly associated with feelings of hostility and aggression toward that group — these are the types of feelings that “feed cycles of intergroup violence,” write Bruneau and Kteily. Another study found that people who dehumanize their political opponents see greater moral differences between their groups and even prefer greater social distance from them — in effect, the opposite of bridging. 2. Bridging is not about persuasion; it’s about understanding The true goal of bridging differences is not to convince the other person of your viewpoint — or even necessarily to build consensus. “Bridging work is not a sneaky way to convert people to your ideological position,” says Reverend Jennifer Bailey, founder of the Faith Matters Network and co-founder of The People’s Supper, which brings people together over dinner to broach challenging topics. “Bridge building does not mean that you always agree with another person or even find common ground with them.” Instead, the heart of bridging work lies in trying to understand someone else’s perspective. While you might not share their views, you don’t dismiss them; you dig deeper to try to appreciate where those views came from. This often requires asking questions and being willing to suspend judgment. The benefits of this type of perspective taking are profound: One study, led by UCLA researcher Margaret Shih, suggests that when a member of one ethnic group tries to see the world through the eyes of someone of a different ethnicity, they report liking members of that group more and are more likely to help them out. Other research suggests that perspective taking reduces knee-jerk racial biases. It’s worth noting, though, that research by Bruneau has found that when there are power imbalances between two groups, it’s more valuable for someone from the lower-power group to give their perspective rather than to try to take the other person’s. 3. Bridging doesn’t require abandoning your beliefs or values The term “bridging” can often seem synonymous with compromise. To bridge your differences with someone else, the thinking goes, you need to give up your own closely held beliefs. “Today in the national media, the notion of structural, systemic change is offered up in contrast to being ‘bipartisan,’” said Steven Olikara, the founder and president of the Millennial Action Project (MAP), at a recent GGSC event on Bridging Differences. In other words, if you want to build political bridges, you can’t expect to stray too far from the status quo. But instead, in MAP’s solutions-oriented work with young politicians from the political left and right, Olikara has found that the bridgers are the ones who get stuff done — even effecting changes that some people thought were too ambitious, such as ending partisan gerrymandering in Ohio. “So that’s an example where we had a radical idea about structural, systemic change,” says Olikara, “but we used [Rev. Dr. Martin Luther] King’s methodology of building bridges with not just people in the moderate center but from across the political spectrum, and that’s how we had enough support for it to ultimately pass.” 4. Bridging involves inner work, not just action When we think about bridging differences, we usually think about grand gestures or breakthrough conversations. But the truth is that much of the work happens before those events ever take place. To make them possible, we often need to cultivate the right mindsets and psychological approach — and that’s something we can (or must) do outside of our interactions with other people. That’s why a substantial portion of the GGSC’s Bridging Differences Playbook is devoted to intrapersonal skills — skills you can practice on your own, to build your capacity for more positive interactions with other people and across groups. For instance, research has indicated that practicing mindfulness can actually reduce biased attitudes and behavior against members of a different group. RELATED: 7 mindfulness tips for staying engaged 5. Bridging requires modesty and humility To bridge differences, you usually need to accept that you don’t have all the answers or own a monopoly on the truth — an outlook that researchers refer to as “intellectual humility.” This is especially important because bridging often involves contact between people from different cultures or communities. You probably won’t get very far in your bridge-building efforts if you presume that your own tradition or story is definitely the right one. This is true whether you’re talking about major historical events or your own family’s history: you need to recognize that your narrative isn’t the only one that matters. “The heart of bridging work lies in trying to understand someone else’s perspective. While you might not share their views, you don’t dismiss them.” In fact, research has found that when people with strong religious beliefs were confronted by doctrines from another religion, those who were lower in intellectual humility argued more vehemently in favor of their own religious beliefs, and more vehemently against the other religion’s beliefs, than did people higher in intellectual humility. The more humble folks showed greater openness to other people’s views and experiences. 6. Bridging is sometimes about small shifts over time While bridging differences might involve trying to overcome a history of conflicts — interpersonal or political — or forging an alliance between once-opposing groups to work toward a common goal, it sometimes centers on more modest shifts. That can mean just setting an intention or an openness to change down the line. “Bridging is sometimes just putting a flag in your land that says, ‘I’m working on it,’” says Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton, a professor of psychology at UC Berkeley and a faculty advisor to the Greater Good Science Center. “Sometimes that’s the job of the person who bridges, to make small, incremental changes.” In that vein, powell talks about “short” and “long” bridges; the psychological and emotional distance someone needs to travel determines the length of the bridge. With a short bridge, for instance, two people might both believe in climate change but have different approaches on how to address it. Bridging requires humility and takes time Then there are cases where the distance between two people might feel greater and more challenging to overcome. One person might be a climate change activist while the other might deny climate change altogether. Traversing these longer bridges requires an investment of more time and trust. There’s more at stake, too. While crossing a long bridge is an ambitious and worthwhile goal, we shouldn’t underestimate the significance, and even the challenges, of crossing some smaller bridges, as well. Indeed, crossing those short bridges can be good practice for ultimately crossing the longer ones. 7. Bridging is not without risk Bridging often involves taking risks and exposing vulnerability. You may risk having your overtures rejected, and you may often need to express feelings of hurt, anger, or disappointment. “The first person takes the greatest risk, but once that happens, others are likely to follow suit,” says powell. Perhaps most of all, when you truly try to hear someone else’s views, you risk being changed or influenced by what you hear. “That willingness to be transformed is also a necessary part to do authentic bridging work,” says Bailey. “I don’t think you can walk away from a bridging scenario, particularly when you’re bridging differences, and remain exactly the same.” 8. Not everyone should bridge Partly because of those risks, it’s important to recognize that not everyone can or should be a Bridge Builder, or feel compelled to build bridges in every situation. The work of bridging should not be done by demand. It’s ethically dubious — and, research suggests, often counterproductive — to ask people to bridge differences when they’re being discriminated against or otherwise denied social power. Before they’re ready to bridge, some must heal from personal trauma. And it can be psychologically harmful, not to mention physically dangerous, to try to forge a connection with someone who fundamentally denies your right to exist or threatens you with violence. As we’ve suggested above, bridge building shouldn’t be used as a tool of persuasion or coercion, especially not to consolidate power in order to attack or oppress others. It’s about expanding one’s sense of commonality with others, not about constricting them to adopt your worldview. There’s one final point we should stress about bridge building: As well-intentioned as we may be, trying to bridge differences often won’t lead to the outcomes we hope for, at least not at first. It is a deeply human process, and we’ll often make mistakes along the way. It’s critical to remember to be compassionate toward ourselves and others when we encounter setbacks. “You don’t have to resolve every conflict,” Mendoza-Denton says. “And you don’t have to have every answer.” ● Main image: shutterstock/pio3 This article originally appeared on Greater Good, the online magazine of the Greater Good Science Center at UC Berkeley. We are grateful to republish it with the kind permission of the Greater Good Science Center. greatergood.berkeley.edu

Understanding that happiness is a state of mind rather than something to be obtained is a key life lesson. Dee Marques outlines eight ways you can consciously choose to be more joyful. Happiness is the ultimate quest; something all humans aspire to. You’d think that after thousands of years, we would've become better at figuring a way to be happy and stay happy. So why is it so hard to achieve, and why does it slip out of our hands so easily? Personally, I’ve always wondered why some people seem happier than others, or why does it come easier to them to have a positive mindset. As we go through life, we all have positive and negative experiences, so why do we react so differently to that input? As it happens, science shows that happiness is partly determined by our genes. Researchers claim that happiness is 50 per cent dependent on genetics and 10 per cent on personal circumstances (like our financial position, where we live, family ties, etc.). That means that the remaining 40 per cent is down to us, and that happiness is a state of mind that can be reached through the right choices and attitude. • JOIN US! Sign-up free now to access our online courses in happiness in our Academy • As best-selling author and behavioural scientist Steve Maraboli once said, "happiness is a state of mind, a choice, a way of living; it is not something to be achieved, it is something to be experienced." So, let’s look into how you can adjust your way of living and find happiness in things you experience. Happiness is a state of mind: 8 top tips True happiness is not a temporary feeling that comes and goes, but rather something that guides our thoughts and our reactions to what happens in our lives. Many of our choices are automatic. This is how our brains work, and thank goodness for that, because otherwise we wouldn’t be able to function. But it’s in our power to make conscious choices to ensure happiness is a state of mind in our everyday lives. Here are eight ways to make that happen. 1. Trick your brain You can trick your brain into thinking that happiness is a state of mind with one single gesture: a smile. Indeed, there are several studies showing that smiling sends positive feedback to the brain, even when you're forcing it! This is because the brain can pick up cues from our body to generate certain moods by releasing a bunch of feel-good hormones. Other studies show that smiling calms us down by slowing our heart rate. So, simply putting on a grin can improve your mood at times when you need it the most. Stay smiling: happiness is a state of mind 2. Count your blessings When we feel down, it’s easy to focus on what we don’t have and think we’ll be happy when we get it. Instead, think about the things you already have that make life precious. And don’t just think about them, write them down. If you haven’t started a gratitude journal, this is the time to do so. Writing therapy can help solidify your appreciation for the good things in life and make you more aware of thought patterns that interfere with a happy mindset. Happiness is a state of mind when you feed your brain positive thoughts! 3. Start your day the right way Instead of starting the day in a rush, set the alarm 10 or 15 minutes before your usual wake up time and get in the habit of meditating. With some practice, this will give you greater clarity so you can appreciate the best things in life and become stronger in the face of adversity. There are many useful techniques, but mindfulness meditation is particularly good at training your brain to perceive that happiness is a state of mind. • JOIN US! Share your ideas about happiness with our open and inspired community • 4. Change perspective Some years ago, I went through a rough patch and hated everything. The gloomy British weather didn’t make things any easier. The lack of colour and sunlight got the worst of me and magnified other problems I was struggling with. One day I got on a plane to visit relatives, and few minutes after taking off we pushed through clouds and suddenly I was floating in a sunny, peaceful space. All I had to do to be in a different world was gain altitude. “You can trick your brain into thinking that happiness is a state of mind with one single gesture: a smile.” The metaphor is obvious: looking at things from a different “altitude” can make us perceive the world in a different way. It may take lots of practice, but once you get good at it, you’ll realise that happiness is a state of mind that relies on your perspective. 5. Find and give support Isolation and loneliness are all around us and can make us feel miserable even when we have reasons to be joyful. We may not feel like socialising when we feel down, but don’t shut the doors to those who care about us. Improving the quality of our interactions with others is a crucial step if you want to truly experience how happiness is a state of mind. Sharing feelings can help build stronger bonds and feel supported and creates positive feedback loops in yourself and in others. Why not plan exercise or meditation sessions with friends, or take up a new hobby together? 6. Do a kind act a day A few months ago, a friend of mine was going through a difficult situation, but she didn’t want the circumstances to take over her life. She decided to go out every Tuesday and do something kind for others, even though she didn’t feel like leaving the house. She’s since become known as “Happy Tuesday lady”, and needless to say, her mental health has improved massively! And no wonder. Science shows that the power of kindness is real – being nice is proven to boost your mood, lower stress and reduce anxiety among other benefits. RELATED: Random acts of kindness – 22 ideas to spread happiness Showing kindness boosts happiness levels shutterstock/Dmytro Zinkevych 7. Find meaning and purpose Many people go through life doing what they’re supposed to be doing. Do the things you do bring a you sense of meaning or purpose? If not, you’re missing out on the path to happiness. One of the biggest joys in life is exploring and discovering what we’re here for and what we can contribute to the world – or at least, to those around us. RELATED: How to find meaning in life: 7 strategies 8. Cut down sources of unhappiness Happiness is a state of mind that must be nourished with good habits, and spending too much time on social media is not one of those. For many people, social networks are a source of unhappiness and insecurity and can contribute to feelings of depression. Research shows that the constant need to compare our lives to other peoples’ lives creates a deep sense of dissatisfaction and makes us lose track of the blessings we already have. Round-up: happiness is a state of mind I won’t deny it: life's not easy and sometimes it’s plain tough and frustrating. The work towards a happy way of being is constant. It won’t happen overnight and you should be ready to fight setbacks. Facing obstacles along the way doesn’t mean there’s no hope or you’re losing the battle. Even in tough times, you can build the resources you need to experience that happiness is a state of mind. Like writer and personal development expert Dale Carnegie said, “it isn’t what you have or who you are or where you are or what you are doing that makes you happy or unhappy, it's what you think about it.” ● Main image: shutterstock/Rido happiness.com | The fine art of being: learn, practise, share Are you a happiness.com member yet? Sign up for free now to: ■ enjoy our happiness magazine with practical life tips ■ share and support others in our happiness forum ■ learn with free online classes in our happiness Academy Resilience | Nature | Gratitude | Meditation | Self care Written by Dee Marques A social sciences graduate with a keen interest in languages, communication, and personal development strategies. Dee loves exercising, being out in nature, and discovering warm and sunny places where she can escape the winter.

Interviewer Veronika Eicher still had the distant flavor of raisins in her mouth – from finishing the 'raisin meditation' on Dave Potter’s MBSR course – when the pair sat down to talk. She asked him about his background in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, the motivation behind his free course, dealing with chronic pain, and meditation. When was the last time you ate mindfully? Dave Potter, fully-certified Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) instructor and retired psychotherapist, laughs before answering: “Well, it’s all a matter of degree. Even though I'm a mindfulness teacher, there are times when I’m not eating very mindfully. For instance, last night my wife and I talked continuously through dinner, and I was not at all mindful of what I was eating. In a previous life as a marketing manager at Intel, many of our meetings were over meals and we were expected to do business and eat at the same time. I used to tell people that I didn’t progress any higher than I did on Intel’s corporate ladder because I never learned to eat and talk at the same time.” Although Dave didn’t stay at Intel for long, he spent over 20 years in the computer industry, first as a free-ance computer consultant and later founding a software company that grew to a dozen employees and customers all over the world. At age 51, although he loved technology, he came to realize that he was far more interested in people than computers, and he went back to school to get a graduate degree in counseling and became a psychotherapist. It was then that he started teaching mindfulness, which led me to my next question: How did you first get to know MBSR? “I found MBSR about the time I began working as a therapist, but I was not new to meditation, having meditated since I was in high school. Even though I was already a long-term meditator and didn’t think I had much to learn, after taking a training class from Jon Kabat-Zinn, I was impressed with MBSR and how teachable it was. MBSR, as Jon Kabat-Zinn taught it, is neither full of esoteric terms, nor religious. Instead, the language Jon used was so simple that wasn’t until Dave saw Jon teach the MBSR course that he understood the tremendous power of MBSR and this particular way of teaching meditation. “The language is very simple: ‘Pay attention to your experience while you are having it’, but embedded in the MBSR course was such depth and meaning that I wanted to share it with others, so I became certified to teach by the University of Massachusetts Medical School, where Jon Kabat-Zinn founded MBSR,” Dave explained. RELATED: 7 mindfulness tips for staying engaged Eating mindfully can be one of many daily opportunities to practice mindfulness Many people take the course to reduce the level of stress in their lives. You say that when you tell new students that they will need to dedicate 30 minutes a day to meditation, they often say: “Where will I find the time? This will make me more stressed, not less!” Isn’t that ironic? “In the beginning, many people do feel that it is more stressful, that’s true. This is because they are now paying closer attention to what is happening inside them, and they have begun to notice things that were there all along, but under the surface. But, typically, after about three or four weeks, things settle down. What most people discover by that point is that although their day is technically 30 minutes shorter, the rest of the day is more productive and much less stressful than it was before. So people do see the fruits of the practice, but often not until three or four weeks into the course. That's one of the reasons the course is eight weeks long and not three.” Discover more about Dave Potter's free MBSR course What can participants of the course expect to happen? “At first, it feels as if nothing is happening. You sit in meditation, your mind wanders, you pull it back, your mind wanders again, you pull it back again, and on and on, in a seemingly endless cycle. It looks like nothing productive is happening. But there is magic in this process that is not at all apparent while it’s happening. The point of the meditation is not to stop thoughts, but to change your relationship to them, and the critical place in which that relationship can change is when you notice your mind has been wandering. What people typically say in the beginning is, “I’m no good at this, my mind is wandering all the time, I can’t do this.” They're frustrated that they can’t get their mind to stay in one place and beat themselves up about it. But it's not about keeping the mind in one place: it's about what happens in that moment when you discover that you mind has wandered. It’s about accepting that fact and being kind to yourself at that moment.” RELATED: 9 science-backed benefits of meditation Jack Kornfield often tells a story about training a puppy to fetch. In the beginning, you throw the stick and the puppy doesn’t bring it back. But you don’t give up, and you throw the stick many, many times until finally, almost unexpectedly, the puppy brings the stick back to you. At that point you don’t say, “Bad dog!! Why didn’t you bring the stick back before now?!?”. You say, “GOOD BOY!!! GOOD JOB!” and give the puppy a treat. This encourages the puppy to do it again and strengthens your good relationship with your puppy. “It’s the same with our mind. We train our students to recognize that those moments when they notice their mind has wandered are moments of awakening. These moments of awakening are cause for celebration, not self-criticism. Every single time you notice your mind has been wandering, you have just broken a life-long habit. This is what we aim for in our meditation.” Train your meditative mind like a puppy: with patience and treats! I must admit, I thought that when you meditate long enough – perhaps like you as a life-long meditator – that at some point your mind doesn’t wander anymore. Is that incorrect? “It’s not true that advanced meditators have learned to stop their thoughts entirely. Eliminating thoughts is actually not the goal of this type of meditation. Thinking is not a function we aim to eliminate. We need thinking to plan, to organize, to build, to create. Thoughts are important, but they are not the most important aspect of our experience, and, in fact, the thoughts we do have are often untrue or misleading. Tara Brach often says, ‘thoughts are real, but not true.’ RELATED: Tara Brach – psychologist, meditation author and teacher It’s true that there are types of meditations designed to perfect concentration but this type of meditation, when combined with a single-minded goal of achieving states of absorption and bliss, don’t address the realities of day-to-day life. There's a story about a monk who goes up to a mountain cave to meditate in isolation. After years of practice, he perfects his concentration to the point where he is in almost continuous bliss and decides he is ready to come down from the mountain. Five minutes after arriving to town, one of the vendors at the market makes an insulting comment and he blows up in anger, seemingly undoing his years of practice in just moments. “People do see the fruits of MBSR, but often not until three or four weeks into the course. That's one of the reasons the course is eight weeks long and not three.” The type of meditation taught in MBSR includes both concentrative meditation and a more open-ended meditation that can be accessed in the midst of daily life, in which the meditator is fully aware of what’s happening around him and in him, on a moment-to-moment basis.” Your MBSR instructor: Dave Potter Dave Potter and I are talking more about the power of our minds. He shares the example of a Buddhist monk, Matthieu Ricard, who's had 50,000 hours of meditation practice over 30 years (that’s five hours a day – every day!) and who has been extensively studied by psychologists and neuroscientists. Paul Ekman, a University of California psychologist, suspected that Ricard would have a very low “startle response”, which has been shown to correspond to anxiety; the more anxious a person is, the stronger the physiological response to being startled. In this laboratory test, the subject is wired up to instrumentation and the physiological response to a very loud sound, similar to a gun-shot, is measured. When Ekman tested Ricard, he had to do it a second time because he couldn’t believe what his instruments were telling him about Ricard’s reaction. Ricard’s physiological response was lower than any subject he’d ever tested. In fact, it was lower than medical science had up to that point thought possible. When he asked Ricard how he did that (expecting he would say he brought his attention to a single point and blocked everything else out), Ricard said he did the opposite – he said that instead of narrowing his attention, he widened it, imagining himself to be as big as the universe, so large that it could easily absorb any sound or disturbance. He said he heard the sound very clearly, but it wasn’t bothersome to him due to his having widened his perspective to include and accept absolutely everything that came into awareness. Could this technique also be a way that MBSR participants learn to deal with discomforting feelings or chronic pain? By imagining the biggest pain and experience as less painful within the practice? The course doesn’t eliminate pain. For instance, people who have a chronic pain condition have typically tried everything and there is nothing doctors can prescribe that is safe that would eliminate the pain. In the MBSR course we aren’t working on eliminating the pain, but changing our relationship to it. We teach our students to work with difficult emotions and physical pain in a paradoxical way, something we introduce in Week 5, in a practice called “Turning Towards”. Students learn through this practice, building on skills they’ve learned in the first four weeks, that they can be with difficult feelings or sensation without being alarmed. RELATED: Mindfulness quotes – 10 sayings to inspire and ground you In the case of chronic pain, instead of trying to make it go away, which of course doesn't work, we ask students to get curious about it. Without labeling the discomfort as “pain”, we have them investigate the actual physical sensations. For instance, is it sharp or throbbing, large or small, precisely where is it located, what are its boundaries? By examining it closely, in a curious, non-fearful way, they discover that their “pain” is not a static thing, that their experience of it shifts when they're curious about it in this way. “Through MBSR we aren’t working on eliminating the pain, but on changing our relationship to it.” Then, after exploring the difficult area, we ask them to move their attention to a part of the body that is relatively relaxed, and stay there for a moment, noticing what kind of sensations they have there, maybe warmth or softness, or simply freedom from pain. This can look like we’re asking them to distract themselves, but we are simply having them shift attention to another part of their body, one that is actually connected to the difficult area. Then, after spending a few minutes there, they go back to the difficult area, and back and forth. By doing this a few times, the students experience the discomfort as only part of them, and that it’s not fixed and unchangeable. In this way, the student learns to see and experience the difficult area in a larger context, similar to the way that Matthieu Ricard did with the loud sound in the “startle” test. So, in that sense, it is a widening of awareness and perspective that makes the pain less difficult. Probably the most gifted and skilled meditation teacher for dealing with chronic pain is Vidmayala Burch. She is founder of Breathworks in the UK and understands chronic pain because she has dealt with serious, debilitating pain she has had her entire adult life, including now. She is a gifted teacher and role-model for those dealing with chronic pain. Vidyamala often uses pillows to demonstrate how we compound physical (or emotional) pain with fear and worry, having a student sit in the center of the room with a pillow on their lap, saying that the pillow represents the physical pain, the difficult sensations themselves (or problematic life event). Then, on top of this pillow, another is added, representing a fear or worry they have about the pain, such as the fear that the pain will get worse. Then they add another, maybe about the worry that if it keeps up they won’t be able to work and support themselves, and another, and another, each one representing a specific worry or fear, until the pillows are stacked so high they are higher than the student’s head. Then Vidmayala would ask them to remove the pillows of worry and fear one by one, letting go of each one until all that remains in their lap is the first pillow representing the actual physical sensations. That pillow is still there, but much less troublesome than it was when buried under all the other pillows of fear and worry that were added to the actual physical pain (or problematic life event). Pillow practice for pain: MBSR was originally designed for pain patients The 'Pillow Practice' with Vidyamala Burch was mind-opening for me, as a chronic pain patient. Is this what mindfulness is about? Exactly. Being mindful is about realizing what is actually happening as well as noticing that we are compounding the situation with our fears and worries. In Buddhist terms you would say there is the first arrow which is the difficulty itself and the second arrow is all the worries and fears we have about that. We can’t always do anything about the first arrow, but the second arrow that is magnifying the difficulty can be removed. You were one of the first teachers to provide us with your MBSR course for free in our happiness academy and you also provide the course on your website palousemindfulness.com free of charge. What was your motivation for this? “There are a couple of answers to that. The first is: “Why not?”. The fact that I can even say this is because I’m retired and don’t need extra income and because of the efficiencies and reach of the internet. But, most importantly, I knew there are people who cannot afford to pay for a mindfulness course, and in many parts of the world there is no access to an in-person MBSR class. My intention was to make mindfulness as widely available as possible, no matter what the financial situation or geographic location. I’m fortunate that this is also the intention of most of the other teachers of mindfulness, even those who are well-known and can command high fees for their teaching. World-renowned mindfulness teachers such as Jon Kabat-Zinn, Vidyamala Burch and Tara Brach have given me their written permission to use their videos and writings without any fee so that mindfulness can be more widely available. “The course does not make life perfect. It's about being at peace with not feeling peaceful.” As a former psychotherapist, it makes me happy to know that, through the Palouse Mindfulness course, people are being helped. Every day, I get letters from people who say the course has changed their lives. As a retired therapist whose work was about helping people, what could be better? RELATED: Meditation vs mindfulness – what's the difference? The course does not make life perfect. It’s not about being peaceful all the time. Not even the Dalai Lama is peaceful all the time. It's about being at peace with not feeling peaceful. When I hear from my students that this is what they’ve learned and that they are happier and more resilient than they were before, this is worth more to me than any monetary compensation.” Finally, do you still meditate on a daily basis? “I do. I’ve had a few periods in my life when I didn’t maintain a formal sitting practice, figuring that if I just lived my life mindfully, letting 'life' itself be my meditation, that would be enough. While that might be true, in principle, because any experience can be made into a mindful experience, during those periods without a formal practice, much of my life wasn’t very mindful. So, about 30 years ago, after being an on-again, off-again meditator, I committed to a regular, daily meditation practice of half an hour every morning and haven’t stopped since, except for a handful of days during that 30-year period. I don’t meditate to have some peace experience while I’m meditating, although that can be pleasant; I do it because of how it affects the rest of my day. My morning meditation creates a resilience and aliveness during the rest of the day that wouldn’t be there if I didn’t have this practice. My morning practice is actually fairly simple, similar to what in Soto Zen is called “zazen” or “just sitting”, a time that I don’t have to be anywhere else or doing anything else, a time that is just for me. Years ago, when my daughter was young, we took a parenting course from Barbara Coloroso and at the end of the course, she said, “I want you to spend 30 minutes a day with the person you are going to be with for the rest of your life with… and I don’t mean your spouse, because they may go before you. I mean you.” ● Thank you Dave, for the talk and for your work. Enroll here for the free MBSR course at the happiness academy. And don't forget to join in the MBSR course discussion in the forum: share your experiences and ideas with other members. Watch the full interview with Dave Potter: Interview by Veronika Eicher Veronika is a freelance writer. She likes to spend her free time working on her dream of a farm. On Instagram she writes about climate crises, nature and sustainable living.

How exactly is Kundalini meditation more than religion or mere set of beliefs? Sonia Vadlamani explains how this energizing technique can offer a greater sense of awareness and purpose. At some point in our lives, many of us realize how we spend most of our days in a ‘default-mode’, as we keep reacting to the stimuli in the environment around us with minimal sense of control over the various events of the day. For instance, you may have noticed how often you fix your lunch absentmindedly or go about your work in an automated fashion – all without paying any real attention – yet feel drained by the end of the day. Meditation can prove to be an effective key to enhance our awareness. And Kundalini meditation could be a more intentional way to unleash one’s inner potential and improve focus. Indeed, practitioners of Kundalini meditation believe that every human being has life-energy or prana present within, which can be awakened with patience and dedicated practice. RELATED: 9 science-backed benefits of meditation What is Kundalini meditation? While the exact origin of Kundalini meditation is not known, its practice has been traced back to as early as 500 BC. Hinduism believes Kundalini to be a vast pool of energy visualized in the form of a coiled or sleeping serpent, resting at the base of the spine which is also the root chakra or muladhara. The seven chakras, including muladhara shutterstock/Olga Zelenkova Kundalini meditation was introduced to the Western world by Yogi Bhajan in 1968, who envisioned a new form of spirituality that connected ancient knowledge with the modern-era lifestyle. Purpose of Kundalini meditation The core philosophy underlying Kundalini meditation is to facilitate movement of energy through the body. The ‘coiled’ or static energy reserve generally refers to the unrealized potential that is inherently present in every human being. A fundamental part of Kundalini yoga, Kundalini meditation is aimed at harnessing this large reserve of unutilized energy at the base of the spine. It works by enabling energy movement through the seven chakras – starting from the base chakra at the bottom of the spine – through the different parts of body – to the crown chakra situated atop the head, from where it eventually exits the body. “Kundalini meditation could be a more intentional way to unleash one’s inner potential and improve focus.” This movement of the life-energy symbolizes awakening of Kundalini, resulting in an expanded state of consciousness and improved mind-body-soul balance. Kundalini meditation also lowers stress levels and enables one to act in a focused and purposeful manner, rather than leading their lives in automation mode. Benefits of Kundalini meditation The research on Kundalini meditation is still in premature stages, but researchers and psychologists have begun to acknowledge its potential benefits when practiced regularly alongside the other integral elements of kundalini yoga. Some of the science-backed benefits of kundalini meditation include: Lowered stress levels Kundalini yoga can reduce production of cortisol levels upon consistent practice, as shown in a 2017 study by Jocelyn N García-Sesnich, et al. Thirteen participants who practiced kundalini meditation along with other components of Kundalini yoga regularly for a period of three months exhibited a significant reduction in stress and anxiety levels. Improved sense of well-being A study conducted by Suresh Arumugam showed positive impact on psychological sense of well-being and improved memory power, encouraging a more holistic approach towards health in the participants. Reduced anxiety levels An eight-week study trial by M. G. Gabriel et al showed lowered anxiety levels and significant reduction in depression symptoms with regular practice of kundalini yoga, offering promising results for treating conditions like Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Improved cognitive and emotional functioning Researchers Harris A. Eyre et al attempted to study the effect of a 12-week kundalini yoga intervention on mild cognitive impairment with declining age. The subjects exhibited improved memory levels, along with a significant decline in apathy levels and depressive symptoms. How to practise Kundalini meditation Practitioners of Kundalini meditation agree that the best results are achieved by starting small and proceeding gradually at a sustained pace, even if all you can dedicate to it is a few minutes daily. Here's how to get started: 1. Get comfortable Choose a quiet place where you're less likely to be distracted or disturbed. For best results, it's ideal to meditate at the same spot every day. Wearing neutral-toned, comfortable and loose-fitting cotton clothing is recommended. 2. Decide on a convenient time While there are no hard and fast rules about when to meditate, it would be best to practice it at the same time each day consistently, without disruption. Morning meditations work great for setting good intentions for the day ahead, while evening meditation is good for unwinding. Meditation right after a meal is not advised, as your body needs all the energy at this time for digestion. 3. Choose a meditation span Again, there's no set ideal duration here, it's up to you to decide. Anywhere between five minutes to an hour of practice. Starting smaller and gradually increasing the duration will help you to focus better, while fitting the practice into your schedule with ease. 4. Get into a comfortable position You could sit in lotus pose or a cross-legged position on a rug or on the floor, or in a straight-backed chair with your feet flat on the floor. It's important to keep your spine in upright position through the duration of meditation. Close your eyes gently and press your palms together over your heart in prayer pose. In the Lotus position shutterstock/Syda Productions 5. Introduce a mantra Chanting a mantra can help you direct your energy and focus better while you meditate. A commonly chosen bija or seed mantra for this meditation is “Sat Nam” which translates to “I am the truth”. Chant “Sat” as you inhale and “Nam” as you exhale. This or any other mantra you personally prefer can be chanted out loud or silently in your head. 6. Focus on your breath movement Energize your breaths as you chant the chosen mantra. Start with a slow and prolonged inhale till your lungs feel full, then slowly exhale till your lungs feel completely empty. Ideally, the inhales and exhales should be broken into four parts with brief pauses. “The core philosophy underlying Kundalini meditation is to facilitate movement of energy through the body.” Repeat the cycle. Observe as your breath moves through your body. If your mind begins to wander, bring your attention back to the breathing pattern and the chants. 7. Draw meditation to a finish Set an alarm for a predetermined duration of meditation, and continue the breathing and chanting cycle till the alarm rings. Finish with a deep inhale as you raise your arms above, and relax as you exhale. 8. Increase the frequency gradually As you gradually increase the duration of meditation and practice more consistently, notice the energy rising from the base of the spine, coursing up along the length of your spine and outside via the top of your head. The takeaway: Kundalini meditation Realizing your fullest potential with Kundalini meditation could prove to be a rewarding journey. Regular practise can enable you to act from a place of purpose and intent, as opposed to reacting to your thoughts and external stimuli. It can also prompt a state of mindfulness by breaking unhelpful automated patterns in your life, thus clearing path for creative pursuits and more joyful existence. Main image: shutterstock/Dymtro Flisak happiness.com | The fine art of being: learn, practise, share Are you a happiness.com member yet? Sign up for free now to enjoy these benefits: ■ our happiness magazine with practical life tips and inspiration ■ share knowledge and help support others in our happiness forum ■ learn and self-develop with free online classes in our happiness Academy Self care | Tonglen meditation | Gratitude meditation Written by Sonia Vadlamani Fitness and healthy food blogger, food photographer and stylist, travel-addict. Sonia loves to write and has resolved to dedicate her life to revealing how easy and important it is to be happier, stronger and fitter each day. Follow her daily pursuits at FitFoodieDiary or on Instagram.

While the news agenda is still largely dominated by Coronavirus, let's celebrate that there are still great things happening in our beautiful world. Ed Gould shares his Top Ten round-up from June to uplift and inspire. 1. Racially diverse plaster launched It's always been possible to buy clear plasters or those with differing tonal qualities, but one of the leading plaster brands, Band-Aid, has never produced products that were designed for all skin tones. Following a long-standing campaign that gathered momentum under the Black Lives Matter protests, Johnson & Johnson – which owns Band-Aid – has decided to alter its production. The company announced in June that it would now make at least five different coloured plasters. RELATED: Forum – anti-racism resources 2. Colourful harlequin toad found not to be extinct Often considered one of the most attractive amphibians, the Mindo harlequin toad was thought to have died out or, at least, to have been on the brink of extinction. This wonderfully camouflaged toad had been suffering from a fungal disease that had devastated its population. However, new sightings of the amphibian were reported in June, leading biologists to think that after three decades in the wilderness, the toad has finally developed resistance to the disease. The juvenile Harlequin toad. Alejandro Arteagath 3. Discovery in preventing brain damage in newborn babies According to News Medical, a team of researchers from Australia and China has been studying the effects of oxygen deprivation on the brains of babies as they're born. The scientists have discovered that a mitochondrial protein, known as COX5a, plays a pivotal role in helping to prevent brain damage when the oxygen supply is cut off or restricted. It's hoped that a new treatment can now be made to help infants undergoing difficult births which will protect their brains from oxygen deprivation-related damage. 4. Free psychology first aid training course As reported in Well + Good in June, John Hopkins University has launched an online course that anyone can sign up to. In response to some of the privations of lockdowns around the world, academics developed a psychological first responder programme. Part of the teaching involves helping people to acquire the skills to be more of a reflective listener. It's hoped the course will help people to make assessments of the mental well-being of those around them. It could, potentially at least, save many lives, as people know how to respond better to feelings of anxiety, depression and isolation. 5. Spontaneity has been found to make people happy As reported in the New York Post, being spontaneous is not just about living in the moment – it can make you feel happier, too. If you're the sort of person who likes to plan everything, then try a few more spur of the moment decisions: you could find that you feel happier as a result. This feel-good news story came after no fewer than 2,000 Americans were asked about their attitudes to spontaneity and happiness levels. Those who were more instinctive were found to suffer the least from unhappiness. Go off your trolley and get happier! shutterstock/Jacob Lund 6. Survey finds mindfulness lowers the severity of depression In a report published in Psychiatry Advisor, it has been scientifically shown that following a more mindful approach to life can help alleviate the worst symptoms of clinical depression. The study was based on a large survey that was conducted on people who had been following mindfulness-based compassionate living, or MBCL. The study took place in the Netherlands and it followed a group of individuals who had first been recruited back in 2013. The extensive survey found that those who followed MBCL were less likely, on average, to suffer from the most severe symptoms of depression. RELATED: Mindful behavior – 13 practical mindfulness tools for life 7. Ugandan company makes PPE from recycled materials There's been little feel-good news recently on the subject of medical personal protective equipment (PPE). Since demand has soared, most countries around the world have struggled to source adequate supplies, leaving many short of stock. However, in Uganda, a start-up business found that it was able to make PPE by recycling plastics. Old plastic was melted down and formed into face shields and other equipment, according to All Africa. The move is a big plus for the environment as well as healthcare workers who continue to be on the front line in the battle against the global pandemic. RELATED: Forum - navigating the COVID-19 pandemic 8. Dogs could help sniff out Covid-19 symptoms There have been few feel-good news stories about the global epidemic but a couple did come through in June. One related to Dexamethasone, a cheap medication that was found to significantly help severely affected patients. The other was that sniffer dogs have been found to be remarkably accurate in detecting the virus in people. According to the Guardian, our canine pals could even prove themselves to be more accurate in detecting the virus in its earlier stages than other methods, thereby helping to prevent the spread of the contagion. Paws for thought: dogs could sniff out COVID-19 shutterstock/aonip 9. Breakthrough in aggressive breast cancer made Researchers from Tulane University in New Orleans have announced that certain aggressive types of tumour can be stopped by turning off the function of a certain gene. Dr Reza Izadpanah, who led the research team, said that the gene – known as TRAF3IP2 – would play a big role as the target of new breast cancer treatments. Izadpanah said that by turning off the gene a disruptive effect on the metabolic pathways of cancer cells could be achieved. Medical News Today reported that 268,600 new cases of aggressive breast cancer were discovered in the USA alone last year, so this breakthrough is likely to have a big effect on future treatments. 10. Strong sun boosts renewable energy The sunny weather enjoyed in much of the northern hemisphere during June hasn't only been good for lifting people's lockdown spirits. It's also helped to produce lots of renewable electricity, too. Although solar farms work in any light conditions, sunny weather clearly makes them much more efficient. According to a report in Solar Power Portal, solar irradiation was one-and-a-half times its usual level in England recently which has meant that a lot more energy has been produced. Thanks to the UK's solar farms, around a third of the country's electricity was made from solar energy at peak times, thereby reducing the reliance on fossil fuels. ● What's your favourite feel-good news story from the past month? We'd love to hear your what you think below. Written by Ed Gould Ed Gould is a UK-based journalist and practitioner of Reiki.

Interviewerin Veronika Eicher hatte noch einen leisen Geschmack von Rosinen im Mund - vom Abschluss der "Rosinenmeditation" in Dave Potters MBSR-Kurs - als sich die beiden zum Reden hinsetzten. Sie fragte ihn nach seinem Hintergrund in der auf Achtsamkeit basierenden Stressreduktion, der Motivation hinter seinem freien Kurs, dem Umgang mit chronischen Schmerzen und über Meditation. Wann haben Sie das letzte Mal achtsam gegessen? Dave Potter, zertifizierter MBSR-Lehrer, also Lehrer für Achtsamkeitsbasierte Stressreduktion (in Englisch Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction) und pensionierter Psychotherapeut, lacht, bevor er antwortet: "Nun, es ist alles eine Frage des Grades. Obwohl ich ein Achtsamkeitslehrer bin, gibt es Zeiten, in denen ich nicht sehr achtsam esse. Zum Beispiel unterhielten sich meine Frau und ich gestern Abend ununterbrochen während des Abendessens, und ich war mir überhaupt nicht bewusst, was ich aß. In einem früheren Leben als Marketing Manager bei Intel waren viele unserer Meetings über Mahlzeiten und es wurde von uns erwartet, dass wir gleichzeitig Geschäfte machen und essen. Früher habe ich den Leuten gesagt, dass ich auf der Karriereleiter von Intel nicht höher gekommen bin, weil ich nie gelernt habe, gleichzeitig zu essen und zu sprechen. " Obwohl Dave nicht lange bei Intel blieb, war er über 20 Jahre in der Computerbranche tätig. Zunächst als freiberuflicher Computerberater und später als Gründer eines Softwareunternehmens, das auf ein Dutzend Mitarbeiter und Kunden auf der ganzen Welt angewachsen ist. Im Alter von 51 Jahren stellte er fest, dass er sich viel mehr für Menschen als für Computer interessierte, obwohl er Technologie liebte. Er ging zurück zur Schule, um einen Abschluss in Beratung zu machen, und wurde Psychotherapeut. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt begann er, Achtsamkeit zu lehren, was mich zu meiner nächsten Frage führte: Wie haben Sie MBSR kennengelernt? „Ich kam mit MBSR ungefähr zu der Zeit in Kontakt, als ich anfing, als Therapeut zu arbeiten. Meditation war für mich aber nicht neu, da ich seit meiner Schulzeit meditiert hatte. Obwohl ich bereits ein Langzeitmeditierender war und nicht glaubte, dass ich viel lernen musste, war ich nach einem Schulungskurs von Jon Kabat-Zinn beeindruckt von MBSR und wie lehrreich es war. MBSR ist, wie Jon Kabat-Zinn es lehrte, weder esoterisch noch religiös. Stattdessen war die Sprache, die Jon benutzte, so einfach, dass Dave erst in der Teilnahme des MBSR-Kurses von Jon Kabat-Zinn die enorme Tiefe von MBSR und diese besondere Art des Meditationsunterrichts verstand. „Die Sprache ist sehr einfach:‚ Achte auf deine Erfahrungen, während du sie hast ': Aber der MBSR-Kurs war so tiefgreifend und bedeutungsvoll, dass ich ihn mit anderen teilen wollte! Ich ließ mich von der Universität Massachusetts Medical School, an der Jon Kabat-Zinn MBSR gegründet hatte, zum Lehrer ausbilden “, erklärte Dave. VERWANDTE THEMen: Achtsam essen: Du bist, was du isst Arten von Coaching Achtsam essen kannst du als eine von vielen Möglichkeiten wahrnehmen, in der täglichen Routine Achtsamkeit zu üben Viele Menschen nehmen an dem Kurs teil, um den Stress in ihrem Leben zu reduzieren. Wenn Sie neuen Schülern sagen, dass sie täglich 30 Minuten für Meditation aufwenden müssen, sagen die oft: „Woher soll ich die Zeit nehmen? Das macht mich mehr gestresst, nicht weniger! “ Ist das nicht ironisch? "Am Anfang haben viele Menschen das Gefühl, dass es stressiger ist, das stimmt. Dies liegt daran, dass sie jetzt genauer darauf achten, was in ihnen geschieht, und sie haben begonnen, Dinge zu bemerken, die die ganze Zeit dort waren, aber unter der Oberfläche. Aber normalerweise beruhigen sich die Dinge nach etwa drei oder vier Wochen. Was die meisten Menschen zu diesem Zeitpunkt feststellen, ist, dass ihr Tag zwar technisch 30 Minuten kürzer ist, der Rest des Tages jedoch produktiver und viel weniger stressig als zuvor. Die Leute sehen also die Früchte der Praxis, aber oft erst drei oder vier Wochen nach Kursbeginn. Das ist einer der Gründe, warum der Kurs acht Wochen dauert und nicht drei. “ Erfahre mehr über Dave Potters kostenlosen MBSR-Kurs Was können die Kursteilnehmer erwarten? „Zuerst fühlt es sich an, als ob nichts passiert. Die Teilnehmer sitzen in der Meditation, ihr Geist wandert, sie holen ihn zurück, ihr Geist wandert wieder, sie holen ihn wieder zurück und das wiederholt und wiederholt sich in einem scheinbar endlosen Zyklus. Es sieht so aus, als ob nichts Produktives passiert. Aber in diesem Prozess steckt Magie, die während des Geschehens überhaupt nicht sichtbar ist. Der Sinn der Meditation besteht nicht darin, Gedanken zu stoppen, sondern ihre Beziehung zu ihnen zu ändern, und der kritische Ort, an dem sich diese Beziehung ändern kann, ist, wenn sie bemerken, dass ihre Gedanken gewandert sind. Am Anfang sagen die Leute normalerweise: "Ich bin nicht gut darin, meine Gedanken wandern die ganze Zeit, ich kann das nicht." Sie sind frustriert, dass sie sich nicht dazu bringen können, an einem Ort zu bleiben und sich selbst verurteilen. Aber es geht nicht darum, den Geist an einem Ort zu halten: Es geht darum, was in dem Moment passiert, in dem sie entdecken, dass ihr Geist gewandert ist. Es geht darum, diese Tatsache zu akzeptieren und in diesem Moment freundlich zu sich selbst zu sein. " VERWANDTES THEMA: 9 wissenschaftlich belegte Vorteile von Meditation Jack Kornfield erzählt oft eine Geschichte über das Trainieren eines Welpen zum Apportieren. Am Anfang wirfst du den Stock und der Welpe bringt ihn nicht zurück. Aber du gibst nicht auf und wirfst den Stock viele, viele Male, bis der Welpe den Stock schließlich fast unerwartet zu dir zurückbringt. An diesem Punkt sagst du nicht: "Böser Hund !! Warum hast du den Stock vorher nicht zurückgebracht?!? " Du sagst: „GUTER JUNGE !!! GUT GEMACHT!" und gibst dem Welpen eine Belohnung. Das ermutigt den Welpen, es erneut zu tun und stärkt deine gute Beziehung zu deinem Welpen. "Bei uns ist es genauso. Wir trainieren unsere Schüler, um zu erkennen, dass diese Momente, in denen sie bemerken, dass ihre Gedanken gewandert sind, Momente des Erwachens sind. Diese Momente des Erwachens sind Grund zum Feiern, keine Selbstkritik. Jedes Mal, wenn du bemerkst, dass deine Gedanken gewandert sind, hast du gerade eine lebenslange Gewohnheit gebrochen. Darauf zielen wir in unserer Meditation ab. “ Trainiere deinen meditativen Geist wie einen Welpen: Mit Geduld und Leckerli Ich muss zugeben, ich dachte, wenn man lange genug meditiert - vielleicht wie Sie als lebenslanger Meditierender -, wandern die Gedanken irgendwann nicht mehr. Ist das falsch? "Es ist nicht wahr, dass fortgeschrittene Meditierende gelernt haben, ihre Gedanken vollständig zu stoppen. Das Beseitigen von Gedanken ist auch nicht das Ziel dieser Art von Meditation. Denken ist keine Funktion, die wir beseitigen wollen. Wir müssen nachdenken, planen, organisieren, bauen, etwas schaffen. Gedanken sind wichtig, aber sie sind nicht der wichtigste Aspekt unserer Erfahrung, und tatsächlich sind die Gedanken, die wir haben, oft falsch oder irreführend. Tara Brach sagt oft: "Gedanken sind real, aber nicht wahr." VERWANDTES THEMA: Tara Brach - Psychologin, Meditationsautorin und Lehrerin Es ist wahr, dass es Arten von Meditationen gibt, die darauf ausgelegt sind, die Konzentration zu perfektionieren. Aber diese Art der Meditation, wenn sie mit dem Ziel kombiniert wird, Zustände der Glückseligkeit zu erreichen, entspricht nicht der Realität des täglichen Lebens. Es gibt eine Geschichte über einen Mönch, der in eine Berghöhle geht, um isoliert zu meditieren. Nach Jahren des Übens perfektioniert er seine Konzentration bis zu dem Punkt, an dem er sich in fast ununterbrochener Glückseligkeit befindet. Er entscheidet, dass er bereit ist, vom Berg herunterzukommen. Fünf Minuten nach seiner Ankunft in der Stadt macht einer der Verkäufer auf dem Markt einen beleidigenden Kommentar und er explodiert vor Wut und scheint seine jahrelange Praxis in wenigen Augenblicken rückgängig zu machen. “Die Menschen sehen die Früchte ihres Trainings, aber oft erst drei oder vier Wochen nach Kursbeginn. Das ist einer der Gründe, warum der Kurs acht Wochen dauert und nicht drei." Die Art der Meditation, die in MBSR gelehrt wird, umfasst sowohl konzentrative Meditation als auch eine offenere Meditation, Auf die kann mitten im täglichen Leben zugegriffen werden, in der der Meditierende im Moment genau weiß, was um ihn herum und in ihm geschieht. " Dein Achtsamkeitslehrer: Dave Potter Dave Potter und ich sprechen mehr über die Kraft des Geistes. Er teilt das Beispiel eines buddhistischen Mönchs, Matthieu Ricard, der über 30 Jahre 50.000 Stunden Meditationspraxis hatte (das sind fünf Stunden am Tag - jeden Tag!) und von Psychologen und Neurowissenschaftlern ausgiebig untersucht wurde. Paul Ekman, ein Psychologe der Universität von Kalifornien, vermutete, dass Ricard eine sehr geringe „Schreckreaktion“ haben würde, die vergleichbar mit Angst ist. Je ängstlicher eine Person ist, desto stärker ist die physiologische Reaktion auf Erschrecken. In diesem Labortest wird das Subjekt an die Instrumentierung angeschlossen und die physiologische Reaktion auf ein sehr lautes Geräusch, ähnlich einem Schuss, gemessen. Als Ekman Ricard testete, musste er es ein zweites Mal tun, weil er nicht glauben konnte, was seine Instrumente ihm über Ricards Reaktion sagten. Ricards physiologische Reaktion war geringer als bei jedem Probanden, den er jemals getestet hatte. Tatsächlich war sie niedriger, als die Medizin bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt für möglich gehalten hatte. Als er Ricard fragte, wie er das gemacht hate (in der Erwartung, er würde sagen, er würde seine Aufmerksamkeit auf einen einzigen Punkt lenken und alles andere blockieren), sagte Ricard, er habe das Gegenteil getan - er sagte, anstatt seine Aufmerksamkeit einzuschränken, habe er sie erweitert und sich vorgestellt so groß wie das Universum zu sein, so groß, dass Geräusche oder Störungen leicht zu absorbieren sind. Er sagte, er habe das Geräusch sehr deutlich gehört, aber es sei für ihn nicht störend, da er seine Perspektive erweitert habe, um absolut alles aufzunehmen und zu akzeptieren, was ins Bewusstsein geriet. Könnte diese Technik auch eine Möglichkeit sein, mit der MBSR-Teilnehmer lernen, mit unangenehmen Gefühlen oder chronischen Schmerzen umzugehen? Indem sie sich den größten Schmerz und die schlimmste Erfahrung als weniger schmerzhaft in der Praxis vorstellen? Der Kurs beseitigt keine Schmerzen. Menschen mit chronischen Schmerzen haben normalerweise alles versucht. Sie haben nichts gefunden, was Ärzte verschreiben ihnen gegen die Schmerzen verschreiben können. Im MBSR-Kurs arbeiten wir nicht daran, die Schmerzen zu beseitigen, sondern unsere Beziehung dazu zu ändern. Wir bringen unseren Schülern bei, auf paradoxe Weise mit schwierigen Emotionen und körperlichen Schmerzen zu arbeiten, was wir in Woche 5 in einer Praxis namens „Turning Towards“ vorstellen. Die Schüler lernen durch diese Praxis und bauen auf den Fähigkeiten auf, die sie in den ersten vier Wochen gelernt haben. Am Ende können sie mit schwierigen Gefühlen oder Empfindungen umgehen, ohne alarmiert zu sein. VERBINDUNG: Chronische Schmerzen - ein Erfahrungsbericht Bei chronischen Schmerzen bitten wir die Schüler, neugierig auf sie zu werden. Anstatt zu versuchen, sie verschwinden zu lassen - was natürlich nicht funktioniert. Ohne das Unbehagen als „Schmerz“ zu bezeichnen, lassen wir sie die tatsächlichen körperlichen Empfindungen untersuchen. Ist es zum Beispiel scharf oder pochend, groß oder klein, genau wo befindet es sich, wo liegen seine Grenzen? Wenn sie es auf neugierige, nicht ängstliche Weise genau untersuchen, entdecken sie, dass ihr „Schmerz“ keine statische Sache ist, dass sich ihre Erfahrung davon verschiebt, wenn sie auf diese Weise neugierig darauf sind. “Mit Achtsamkeits-basierter Stressreduzierung (MBSR) beseitigen wir keine Schmerzen, aber wir verändern die Beziehung zu ihnen.” Nachdem wir den schwierigen Bereich erkundet haben, bitten wir sie, ihre Aufmerksamkeit auf einen Teil des Körpers zu lenken, der relativ entspannt ist. Dort sollen sie einen Moment bleiben, um zu bemerken, welche Art von Empfindungen sie dort haben. Vielleicht ist es Wärme oder Weichheit oder einfach frei von Schmerzen. Dies wirkt vielleicht, als würden wir sie bitten, sich abzulenken, aber wir lassen sie einfach die Aufmerksamkeit auf einen anderen Teil ihres Körpers lenken, der tatsächlich mit dem schwierigen Bereich verbunden ist. Nachdem sie einige Minuten dort verbracht haben, gehen sie zurück in die schwierige Gegend. Sie wechseln hin und her. Wenn die SChüler dies einige Male tun, empfinden sie das Unbehagen als nur einen Teil von sich. Sie stellen fest, dass es nicht unveränderlich ist. Auf diese Weise lernt der Schüler, den schwierigen Bereich in einem größeren Kontext zu sehen und zu erleben. Ähnlich wie es Matthieu Ricard mit dem lauten Klang im „Startle“ -Test getan hat. In diesem Sinne ist es eine Erweiterung des Bewusstseins und der Perspektive, die den Schmerz weniger schwierig macht. Der wahrscheinlich begabteste und kompetenteste Meditationslehrer für den Umgang mit chronischen Schmerzen ist Vidmayala Burch. Sie ist Gründerin von Breathworks in Großbritannien. Sie versteht chronische Schmerzen, weil sie sich mit ihren eigenen schweren, schwächenden Schmerzen befasst hat, die sie ihr ganzes Erwachsenenleben lang bis jetzt begleiten. Sie ist eine begabte Lehrerin und Vorbild für Menschen, die mit chronischen Schmerzen zu tun haben. Vidyamala verwendet oft Kissen, um zu demonstrieren, wie wir physischen (oder emotionalen) Schmerz mit Angst und Sorge verbinden. Ein Schüler sitzt mit einem Kissen auf dem Schoß in der Mitte des Raumes und gibt dem Kissen die Bedeutung von physischem Schmerz und den schwierigen Empfindungen (oder problematisches Lebensereignis). Dann wird auf dieses Kissen ein weiteres hinzugefügt, das eine Angst oder Sorge darstellt, die der Schüler bezüglich des Schmerzes hat. Zum Beispiel die Angst, dass der Schmerz schlimmer wird. Dann fügen die Schüler weitere Kissen hinzu, vielleicht wegen der Sorge, um die Arbeit, um sich zu ernähren, oder eine weitere und eine andere Befürchtung. Am Ende sind die Kissen oft so hoch gestapelt sind, dass sie sind höher als der Kopf des Schülers. In der Übung bat Vidmayala sie, die Kissen der Sorge und Angst nacheinander zu entfernen und jedes loszulassen. Alles, was in ihrem Schoß bleibt, ist das erste Kissen, das die tatsächlichen körperlichen Empfindungen darstellt. Dieses Kissen ist immer noch da, aber viel weniger problematisch als unter all den anderen Kissen der Angst und Sorge, die zu den tatsächlichen körperlichen Schmerzen (oder problematischen Lebensereignissen) hinzugefügt wurden. Kissenübung gegen den Schmerz: MBSR wurde ursprünglich für Schmerzpatienten konzipiert Die „Kissenübung“ mit Vidyamala Burch war für mich als chronische Schmerzpatientin unglaublich aufschlussreich. Ist es das, worum es bei Achtsamkeit geht? Genau. Achtsam zu sein bedeutet, zu erkennen, was tatsächlich passiert, und zu bemerken, dass wir die Situation mit unseren Ängsten und Sorgen verschärfen. In buddhistischen Begriffen würde man sagen, dass es den ersten Pfeil gibt, der die Schwierigkeit selbst darstellt, und der zweite Pfeil ist all die Sorgen und Ängste, die wir darüber haben. Wir können nicht immer etwas gegen den ersten Pfeil unternehmen. Aber der zweite Pfeil, der die Schwierigkeit vergrößert, kann entfernt werden. Sie waren einer der ersten Lehrer, die uns Ihren MBSR-Kurs in unserer happiness Akademie kostenlos zur Verfügung gestellt haben, und Sie haben den Kurs auch kostenlos auf Ihrer Website palousemindfulness.com angeboten. Was war Ihre Motivation dafür? „Darauf gibt es ein paar Antworten. Die erste ist: "Warum nicht?". Die Tatsache, dass ich das sogar sagen kann, liegt daran, dass ich im Ruhestand bin und kein zusätzliches Einkommen benötige, und an der Effizienz und Reichweite des Internets. Vor allem aber wusste ich, dass es Menschen gibt, die es sich nicht leisten können, für einen Achtsamkeitskurs zu bezahlen. In vielen Teilen der Welt gibt es auch keinen Zugang zu einer persönlichen MBSR-Klasse. Meine Absicht war es, Achtsamkeit so weit wie möglich verfügbar zu machen, unabhängig von der finanziellen Situation oder dem geografischen Standort. Ich habe das Glück, dass dies auch die Absicht der meisten anderen Achtsamkeitslehrer ist, selbst derer, die bekannt sind und hohe Gebühren für ihren Unterricht verlangen können. Weltbekannte Achtsamkeitslehrer wie Jon Kabat-Zinn, Vidyamala Burch und Tara Brach haben mir ihre schriftliche Erlaubnis erteilt, ihre Videos und Schriften kostenlos zu verwenden, damit Achtsamkeit breiter verfügbar ist. “Der Kurs macht das Leben nicht perfekt. Es geht darum, in Frieden zu sein, auch ohne sich friedlich zu fühlen." Als ehemaliger Psychotherapeut freut es mich zu wissen, dass durch den Palousemindfulness-Kurs Menschen geholfen wird. Jeden Tag bekomme ich Briefe von Leuten, die sagen, der Kurs habe ihr Leben verändert. Was könnte besser sein für einen pensionierter Therapeut, dessen Arbeit darin bestand, Menschen zu helfen? VERBINDUNG: Gemeinsam neue Gewohnheiten praktizieren: Fünf Übungen für mehr Achtsamkeit im Alltag Der Kurs macht das Leben nicht perfekt. Es geht nicht darum, die ganze Zeit friedlich zu sein. Nicht einmal der Dalai Lama ist die ganze Zeit friedlich. Es geht darum, in Frieden zu sein, auch ohne sich friedlich zu fühlen. Wenn ich von meinen Schülern höre, dass sie dies gelernt haben und dass sie glücklicher und belastbarer sind als zuvor, ist das für mich mehr wert als jede finanzielle Entschädigung. " Meditieren Sie noch täglich? "Ja, das tue ich. Ich hatte einige Perioden in meinem Leben, in denen ich keine formelle Meditiationspraxis aufrecht erhielt. Ich dachte, wenn ich mein Leben nur achtsam lebte und das Leben selbst meine Meditation sein ließe, würde das ausreichen. Während dies im Prinzip zutreffen könnte, weil jede Erfahrung zu einer achtsamen Erfahrung gemacht werden kann, war in diesen Perioden ohne formale Meditiationspraxis ein Großteil meines Lebens nicht sehr achtsam. Vor ungefähr 30 Jahren, nachdem ich immer wieder meditiert hatte, verpflichtete ich mich zu einer regelmäßigen täglichen Meditationspraxis von einer halben Stunde jeden Morgen und habe seitdem nicht aufgehört. Bis auf eine Handvoll Tage während dieser 30 -Jahres. Ich meditiere nicht, um Friedenserfahrung zu machen, während ich meditiere, obwohl das angenehm sein kann. Ich mache es, weil es den Rest meines Tages beeinflusst. Meine Morgenmeditation schafft eine Belastbarkeit und Lebendigkeit für den Rest des Tages, die ohne diese Praxis nicht da wäre. Meine morgendliche Übung ist eigentlich ziemlich einfach, ähnlich wie in Soto Zen "Zazen" oder "nur Sitzen" genannt wird, eine Zeit, in der ich nirgendwo anders sein oder etwas anderes tun muss. Eine Zeit, die nur für mich ist. Vor Jahren, als meine Tochter jung war, nahmen wir an einem Elternkurs von Barbara Coloroso teil und am Ende des Kurses sagte sie: „Ich möchte, dass Sie 30 Minuten am Tag mit der Person verbringen, mit der Sie für den Rest zusammen sein werden von deinem Leben mit ... und ich meine nicht den Ehepartner, der vor Ihnen gehen können. Ich meine SIE." ● Danke Dave, für das Gespräch und für deine Arbeit. Melde dich hier für den kostenlosen MBSR-Kurs in der happiness Akademie an. Und vergiss nicht, an der MBSR-Kursdiskussion im Forum teilzunehmen: Teile deine Erfahrungen und Ideen mit anderen Mitgliedern. Das vollständige Interview mit Dave Potter findest du hier: Interview von Veronika Eicher Veronika ist freiberufliche Texterin. In ihrer Freizeit werkelt sie im Garten. Auf Instagram teilt sie ihre Gedanken über die Klimakrise, Natur und nachhaltiges Leben.

As drag icon RuPaul Charles launches GuRu, his new self-help book, Calvin Holbrook looks at how the entertainer is increasingly showcasing his spiritual side and the life lessons that can help you create your best, happiest and most joyful life. Amen! At the age of 59, original drag superstar RuPaul Charles is at the pinnacle of his long career following the runaway success of his VH1 reality show RuPaul’s Drag Race, snatching a handful of Emmys, and bagging a Hollywood Walk of Fame star in the process. But he’s becoming just as well known for his spiritual advice too, recently launching GuRu, his self-help book cum memoir. After living with depression and addiction issues, therapy-loving RuPaul hasn't only cultivated a thick skin but a unique spiritual style too, mixing up some Eckhart Tolle teachings with the no-nonsense advice of Judge Judy (his favorite TV show). So, here are eight essential life lessons we can learn from RuPaul at any age. 1. Don't take life too seriously RuPaul (full name RuPaul Andre Charles) says that this piece of advice is the most important he's ever been given, and he follows the life lesson to this very day. Our time on our little green and blue planet is small – and for about one third of it we’re snoozing – so it’s important to remember this and learn to enjoy our lives, whatever our emotional or financial situation. By learning to laugh at life’s ups and downs, you can loosen the existential dread that often washes over us and grips us with fear. Let it all go, laugh out loud, and live in the present moment. If you struggle with being in the now, here are some mindfulness tips to help pin this down. Fierce and fun: Ru says don't take life so seriously. © Facebook/RuPaul 2. “If you can't love yourself, how the hell are you gonna love somebody else?” “Can I get an amen?” As ends RuPaul Charles' most memorable – and significant – catchphrase. Indeed, the inward projection of love is an essential first step towards being able to love others. And science agrees with Ru: there’s evidence that feelings of self-hatred and worthlessness can cause problems in relationships, and those with low self-esteem often underestimate their partner's real love for them, as they feel they’re not worthy of real love. So, make sure you understand yourself: accept yourself and your body, perceived flaws and all. We’re all unique and deserving of love. 3. Don't be held back by a limited perception of yourself RuPaul often talks of the ‘inner saboteur’: the other side of us that does things to deny ourself growth, because we’re scared or think we’re not worthy of success. All so often in life, ‘I can’t’ holds supreme in our minds and we fail to even try, but as Ru’s life lesson suggests, if you stop listening to those self-sabotaging thoughts and focus, you can work towards your goals. RELATED: How to stop self-sabotage – 5 techniques to try Indeed, on Drag Race, Ru sets the drag queen contestants challenges that tests their fears and abilities, often helping them to uncover talents that were previously hiding within. Star power: Ru on the Hollywood Hall of Fame © Kathy Hutchins/Shutterstock.com 4. Don’t become bitter Carrying on from that, sometimes it can be overwhelming trying to reach your life goals or dreams. With determination, self-belief and hard work, you can get there, but sometimes 'life' just gets in the way. Life lesson number four: if at first you don’t succeed, don’t get bitter, dust yourself off and try again. “For RuPaul Charles, finding his ‘tribe’ – peers that share the same interests and passions – was the start of his journey into drag.” Indeed, a 2011 study shows that persistent bitterness can make you physically unwell, so avoid it at all costs. As Ru Paul said in a 2015 interview for L/Studio: “You have every right to become bitter, and your mind will tell you, ‘F*** this, f*** all of this. Don’t take the bait. Continue to love yourself, because that’s where your power is.” Amen! 5. Find your tribe Growing up – and even in adult life – many of us feel like we don’t quite fit in: we’re either too geeky, too feminine, too gay, too tomboyish, too tall, too short, too shy, too damn whatever. Many of us felt and still feel alone, but as recent science shows, loneliness can be a bigger health risk than smoking or obesity. RELATED: Understanding the power of friendship For RuPaul, finding his ‘tribe’ – peers that share the same interests and passions – was the start of his journey into drag, success and discovering a whole new family. Know what turns you on in life and then seek out and surround yourself with people that share your passions and hobbies: with the help of like-minded friends, you can find inspiration, support, a beautiful sense of belonging and, hopefully, a whole lot of fun and laughter along the way. Two tribes: Ru with best buddy and colleague Michelle Visage © Kathy Hutchins/shutterstock.com 6. “If they ain't paying your bills, pay them bitches no mind!” Likewise, once you’ve found your tribe, learn to ignore anyone that criticizes you or your life – the ‘haters’ – what they think about you is none of your business. This life lesson also includes cutting out negative friends from your life: you know, the ones that are always having a huge life drama, moaning about everything or just eternally pessimistic. Science shows that negative people are toxic to our well-being, so leave them behind as you soar. RELATED: When to end a friendship... and how GuRu: The self-help book from RuPaul Charles 7. Know your rhythm In the L/studio interview, RuPaul says, “Know thyself. Know what it is that makes you, you.” This is perfect advice for those among us that feel lost or unsure of what direction to take with our work life. Sit down and take time out to be still and really think about who you are: your passions, what you're good at, and what you love to do (or would like to do). Knowing yourself is a great way to find a career where you can blossom: Ikigai is a useful tool to help you discover what will make you happiest when you get out of bed each morning. Some of the stars of Drag Race © Ron Adar/shutterstock.com 8. “We’re all born naked and the rest is drag” A key RuPaul catchphrase, the entertainer has been telling us for decades that we’re all born naked and the rest is drag, but we’re not literally talking hip pads and wigs here. This life lesson is a strong reminder of identity, and that drag is whatever guise we choose to adopt visually, whether that’s to stand out from the crowd or to fit in with it. Maybe you’re a London banker donning a €2,000 sharp suit to look the part at work, a Herschel bag-wearing hipster, or a punk with a mohawk and Doc Martens. What we wear is a expression of our personality, but underneath all the façade, we’re all the same: beautiful flesh and bones on our own unique spiritual journey: basically, we are one! ● RuPaul's book GuRu is available now from Amazon and all great bookstores. Main image: © Kathy Hutchins/Shutterstock.com happiness.com | The fine art of being: learn, practise, share Are you a happiness.com member yet? Sign up for free now to: ■ enjoy our happiness magazine with practical life tips ■ share and support others in our happiness forum ■ lself-develop with free online classes in our happiness Academy LGBTQ | Self care | Mindfulness | Resilience Written by Calvin Holbrook Calvin edits the happiness magazine, makes gay artwork, and loves swimming, yoga, dancing to house/techno, and all things vintage! Find out more.

With the world in crisis, now is the perfect time to discover the ancient Tibetan practice of Tonglen meditation writes Calvin Holbrook. With each in-breath, we take in others’ pain. With each out-breath, we send them relief. As human beings, we usually react to pain and suffering by attempting to avoid it or distance ourselves from it. Instead, we tend to gravitate towards the pleasurable, and the experiences, objects and people who bring us comfort. But what if we reversed that logic and actively welcomed uncomfortable feelings and pain into our lives for a moment? Inviting pain and suffering of ourselves and others is the starting place for Tonglen meditation. And with huge amounts of global suffering present at the moment as a result of COVID-19, political and racial tensions and continued global disparities, now is an appropriate time to learn more about this ancient practice. What exactly is Tonglen meditation? Tonglen is Tibetan and translates as 'giving and taking’. Tong means "giving or sending", and len means "receiving or taking.” Tonglen refers to a meditation practice found in Tibetan Buddhism which is used to awaken compassion. The origins of Tonglen date as far back as the 11th Century. During this era leprosy wreaked havoc, causing many deaths in Tibet. Meditation masters brought Tonglen over from India to help those who were suffering from the disease, and also to heal themselves so they could continue to help others to recover. How does Tonglen meditation work? Tonglen meditation is very much visualization and breath-focused and is used to transform negative energy into positive. With each in-breath during the practice, we visualize taking in the pain and suffering of others. With each exhalation, we send relief and healing light to those people so they can find peace. In a similar vein to loving-kindness meditation, Tonglen breeds greater compassion: we become liberated from selfishness and open up to love for both others and ourselves. Indeed, the aim of Tonglen meditation is to change our attitude towards pain and to open our hearts so we can become more loving as we dissolve the pain that surrounds us. Tongen meditation increases our compassion shutterstock/mimagephotgraphy According to The Tibetan Book of the Dead by Sogyal Rinpoche, Tonglen is effective in countering the restricting and sometimes negative influence of our ego by opening our hearts to those suffering around us without losing ourselves in their personal drama. With distance we are compassionate teachers and observers. Tonglen can be practised for those who are ill, those who are dying or have already passed, or those people in pain of any kind. While it can be done as a formal meditation practice (outlined below), we can also practise Tonglen on the spot at any given time: if we’re out and we see a stranger in pain, we can breathe in that person’s suffering and send them relief on exhalation. By practising Tonglen regularly, we start to connect with the open dimension of our being. How to practise Tonglen meditation As just mentioned, you can do Tonglen at any moment. But if you wish to cultivate a more formal Tonglen meditation practise, here are the steps to follow: 1. Flash on Bodhichitta The first step is to rest your mind in a few seconds of openness or stillness. This stage is traditionally known as ‘flashing on absolute bodhichitta’. Bodhicitta is a spontaneous wish to attain enlightenment motivated by great compassion for all beings. 2. Start a visualization and inhale Once prepared, it’s time to visualize the person or people who are suffering.Try to imagine them as possible and feel their pain and distress. Work with texture: as you feel your heart opening in compassion toward them, visualize all of their suffering gathering into a mass of hot, black, heaviness. Breathe it in. Inhale fully, imagining all the negative energy filtering through all the pores of your body. .embed-container { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } Pema Chödrön explains Tonglen Meditation YouTube/OMEGA 3. Exhale and spread peace When you exhale with Tonglen meditation, you should aim to breathe out feelings of light, brightness and coolness. Feel positive energy fully, passing through your whole body. Imagine you are passing peace, happiness and well-being to the person in pain. Develop a firm conviction that all of his or her negative karma has been eliminated. Keep breathing in and out in such a way until your visualization is synchronized with your inhalations and exhalations. 4. Expand your compassion Finally, extend your taking in and giving out practice. If you’re doing Tonglen for someone you love who is ill, extend it out to everyone who is in a similar situation. Make it bigger. Furthermore, as with loving kindness meditation, you can also do Tonglen for people you do not have a close connection with or care for – perhaps those that have hurt you or hurt others. Practise Tonglen for them, thinking of them as having the same suffering as your friend or yourself. Breathe in their pain and send peace their way. What are the benefits of Tonglen? Although Tonglen is an important therapeutic tool in Tibetan medicine, in the West, few studies exist regarding the efficacy of this specific meditation – both regarding the benefits to the meditator and those that are being meditated on. While there is an ever expanding body of research on various forms of meditation, research into Tonglen is limited. “Tonglen meditation breeds greater compassion: we become liberated from selfishness and open up to love for both others and ourselves.” Nonetheless, practised regularly, it's safe to say many of the usual benefits of meditation – such as stress relief, reduced anxiety, improved sleep, etc – will apply. In terms of the meditator, the visualization aspect of Tonglen may have advantages as it can lead to a number of cognitive benefits. Repeatedly visualizing scenes or images that evoke positive emotional situations can reinforce the production of brain neurotransmitters associated with positive emotional states, encouraging the pruning of synaptic relationships that are counterproductive to this practice. However, when it comes to the healing properties that Tonglen aims to achieve for those on the receiving end of the positive intemtions, the effects are clearly hard to measure and there is very little clinical evidence to support it to date. RELATED: Meditation for anger – how to calm your rage quickly A 2016 study aimed to evaluate the distant healing effect of Tonglen meditation on stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and self-perceived quality of life in cancer patients. Just over 100 cancer patients took part, half of which were the subjects of three months of Tonglen meditation from 12 meditators – not know to them. The other half of patients were the control group. Tonglen: take in the negative and give out light Patients were questioned about quality of life and mood during and after treatment. In terms of depression, a statistically significant improvement was found in the treatment group that received Tonglen, suggesting it could make a real difference to how they felt. However, there were no significant findings in the other areas, meaning a more in-depth analysis and evaluation of Tonglen meditation is needed in the future. Tonglen meditation: round-up By practising the Tibetan practice of Tonglen on a regular basis, you can expect your compassion levels to expand naturally over time, as well as benefiting from the usual lifestyle advantages meditation brings. And while there is little scientific evidence to currently back up that Tonglen can improve the pain and suffering of those on the receiving end of it, it can certainly do no harm. Indeed, sending out positive energy to others could only lead to good things. More research is needed in the future to see if such compassionate meditation can really make a difference. ● Main image: shutterstock/sun ok happiness.com | The fine art of being: learn, practise, share Are you a happiness.com member yet? Sign up for free now to: ■ enjoy our happiness magazine ■ share and support in our happiness forum ■ learn with free online Academy classes Mindfulness | Mindful running | 6 phase meditation Written by Calvin Holbrook Calvin edits our magazine and is a lover of swimming, yoga, dancing to house/techno, and all things vintage. Find out more.

Können 2.600 Jahre alte Lehren des Buddhas zu mehr Glück im heutigen Leben beitragen? Die Achtsamkeitslehrerin Ulla Koenig ist davon überzeugt. Veronika Eicher sprach mit ihr über das Streben nach Glück und ihren Kurs "The Buddha's Path to Happiness". "Buddha's Weg zum Glück" ist ein fünfwöchiger englischer Kurs in der happiness Akademie. Unter dem Originaltitel "The Buddhas Path to Happiness" werden darin Lehren behandelt, die der Buddha uns für unseren eigenen Weg zum Glück durch seine Überlieferungen mitgegeben hat. Kursleiterin Ulla Koenig über den Kurs, ihre Karriere und ihren persönlichen Ansatz, Glück zu entdecken: 1. In deiner Kursbeschreibung steht: "Wir können Ruhe und Frieden in Momenten der Ruhe, des Glücks und der Klarheit finden." Konntest du heute schon solche Momente erleben? Ja, es gab viele kleine Glücksmomente während meines Tages. Jeder für sich ein kleines Juwel. Der Geruch von Efeu im Garten. Das sonnengeküsste Haar meines Sohnes. Erdbeeren zum Frühstück. Ein fünfminütiges Gespräch mit einem Freund. Perlen an einer Schnur. Solche Momente treten auf, wenn ich empfänglich dafür bin und Ruhe habe. Deine Kursleiterin: Ulla Koenig 2. Müssen wir aktiv nach Glück suchen oder findet es uns? Wir müssen definieren, was „Glück“ für uns eigentlich bedeutet. Was suchen wir? Was widmen wir unserer Aufmerksamkeit, unserer Anstrengung, unserer Zeit? Können wir Glück schaffen, konsumieren oder suchen? Glück entsteht für mich, wenn die Umstände stimmen. Ein Teil davon ist die Beziehung zur Erfahrung selbst, unsere Sichtweise darauf. Wir haben einen natürlichen Drang, unsere Beziehung zum Leben zu erforschen. Was wir hier erkennen, ist unser realer Weg zu mehr Glück, Frieden und Zufriedenheit. Ein Weg, der manchmal entgegengesetzt unserer natürlichen Impulse und Gewohnheiten führt. Was kann uns der Buddha über das Glück im 21. Jahrhundert lehren? 3. In deinem Kurs „Buddha's Path to Happiness“ basierst du den Weg zum alltäglichen Glück auf Buddhas Lehren. Ist es realistisch, 2.600 Jahre alte Weisheiten auf das schnelllebige 21. Jahrhundert zu adaptieren? Die Frage ist berechtigt, ob alte Lehren für unser heutiges Leben Mehrwert bieten oder nicht. Tatsächlich scheinen unsere modernen Tage so völlig anders zu sein als frühere Lebensweisen. Doch unsere Psyche, unsere Perspektiven und unser Miteinander haben sich nicht so sehr verändert. "Wir müssen definieren, was "Glück" für uns eigentlich bedeutet. Was suchen wir? Schließlich erleben wir immer noch die gleichen Herausforderungen und stellen uns die gleichen Fragen wie vor Tausenden von Jahren. Wir möchten immer noch Frieden in Herz und Verstand. Wir möchten Glück empfinden und uns ein Freiheitsgefühl in den Herausforderungen unseres täglichen Lebens erhalten. Der Buddha hat glücklicherweise alles tief genug erforscht, um uns zum Nachdenken anzuregen. Es sind zeitlose Überlegungen, die unabhängig von Kultur, Geschlecht und Glauben anwendbar sind. 4. Du arbeitest mit Häftlingen, Geflüchteten und Krebspatienten. Kannst du eine besondere Erinnerung an diese Meditations- und Achtsamkeitsarbeit der letzten Jahren teilen? Eines berührt mich immer besonders tief: Die Erleichterung meiner Schüler, wenn sie aus eigener Erfahrung eine Reihe von Werkzeugen und Techniken kennenlernen, die sie überall und jederzeit anwenden können und die sie unterstützt. Achtsamkeit ist dafür ein äußerst vielseitiges Werkzeug. Mit der entsprechenden Sorgfalt und Vorsicht kann es an viele Situationen angepasst werden. Ich habe von Gefangenen die gleichen Äußerungen gehört wie von Menschen mit Behinderungen. Manchmal ist gerade ein schwieriges Umfeld, in dem die Menschen bereit sind, Zeit und Mühe in das Ausprobieren von Techniken aufzuwenden. Das sind auch die Umgebungen, in denen ich die meisten Veränderungen bei Menschen gesehen habe. Es sind diese Erfahrungen, die mein Vertrauen und meine Dankbarkeit für die Praxis vertieften. Zum Kursbeginn: The Buddha's Path to Happiness "Ein Weg zum Glück, der manchmal gegen unsere natürlichen mpulse und Gewohnheiten verläuft." 5. Wie verlief dein persönlicher Weg zum Glück? Es war eine kurviger Weg. Er begann mit dem Gefühl, dass ich mich nach mehr als unsere Konsumkultur mit ihrem engen Sinn für Recht und Unrecht sehnte. Als Teenager stellte ich die Strukturen, Institutionen und gemeinsamen Ansichten stark in Frage. Und ich begann nach Alternativen mit all ihren Herausforderungen und Sackgassen zu suchen. Als ich die Einsichtsmeditation (Vipassana-Meditation) fand, hatte ich das Gefühl, näher an das zu kommen, wonach ich suchte. Die undogmatische Freiheit der Erforschung fand ich dann in den Lehren des Buddha. Ich resonierte mit der Betonung der persönlichen Verantwortung anstelle des blinden Glaubens. “Wir erleben immer noch die gleichen Herausforderungen und stellen die gleichen Fragen wie vor Tausenden von Jahren.” Das Gelernte deckte sich mit meiner persönliche Erfahrung als Mutter, Mitarbeiterin, Freundin, Geliebte. Nichts davon widersprach oder widerspricht diesen Entdeckungen. Im Laufe von Monaten und Jahren habe ich gemerkt, wie Freiheit und Glück wuchsen, um Herausforderungen zu meistern. Das Entdecken hält an. Ich sehe es als Geschenk. 6. Findest du in deinem Alltag Zeit für Meditationen und Achtsamkeit? Als Mutter von zwei Kindern ist das Praktizieren von Achtsamkeit im Alltag eine sehr wichtige Übung. Dadurch entfalten Qualitäten wie Freundlichkeit, Mitgefühl und Gelassenheit ihr Potenzial. Ich versuche ein gesundes Gleichgewicht zwischen Übungen auf dem Kissen und fernab davon zu finden. Ich genieße lange Spaziergänge und gehe in die Natur. Der Rückhalt durch Achtsamkeit macht sich in der Meditation gleichermaßen wie beim Einkaufen im Supermarkt mit zwei Kindern oder bei einem Treffen mit Arbeitskollegen bemerkbar. Möchtest du dich im Kurs "The Buddha's Path to Happiness" einschreiben? Hier erfährst du mehr. Neu in der happiness Akademie: Erfahre mehr über Ulla's neuen Kurs Mindfulness in Times of COVID-19 (auf Spendenbasis). Interview von Veronika Eicher Veronika ist freiberufliche Texterin. In ihrer Freizeit werkelt sie im Garten. Auf Instagram teilt sie ihre Gedanken über Klimakrisen, Natur und nachhaltiges Leben.

Could ancient teachings the Buddha gave 2,600 years ago help to bring more happiness to our lives? Mindfulness teacher Ulla Koenig thinks so. Veronika Eicher chatted with her about finding happiness and her course, 'The Buddha's Path to Happiness.' The Buddha's Path to Happiness is a five-week course on the happiness Academy shows that covers the insightful teachings the Buddha provided us when it comes to finding our own path to happiness. Creator Ulla Koenig discusses the course, her career, and her personal approach to discovering joy. 1. In your course description you write: 'We can find rest and peace within moments of calm, happiness and clarity.' Did you have any experiences of happiness today? Yes, there were many small moments of happiness during the day. Everyone by itself a small jewel. The smell of the elder in the garden. Touching my son's sun-kissed hair. Having strawberries for breakfast. A five minute chat with a friend. Pearls on a string. Such moments appear, when there is receptivity and calm. Ulla Koenig: your course tutor 2. Do we need to search actively for happiness or does it come naturally to us? We need to reflect on what 'happiness' actually means for us. What is it we are looking for? What do we dedicate our attention, our effort, our time to? Can we create, consume or search for happiness? For me, happiness arises when the circumstances are right. One part of this is the relationship to experience itself, our way of looking. We have a natural urge to explore into our relationship to life. What we realize here is the path for our practice towards more happiness, peace and contentment. A path which at times goes against the very grain of our impulses and habits. What can the Buddha teach us about happiness in the 21st century? 3. In your course 'The Buddha's Path to Happiness' you're guiding people back to experience happiness in their daily life based on Buddha's teachings. Is it possible to adapt 2,600 year old teachings to our speedy, 21st-century life? It's valid to ask whether or not ancient teachings still have something to offer. Indeed, these modern days seem so entirely different from past ways of living. Yet our psyche, our perspectives, and our ways of relating to each other haven't changed that much. "We need to reflect on what "happiness" actually means for us. What is it we are looking for?" We're still experiencing the same challenges and asking the same questions as people did thousands of years ago. We still wish to find peace of heart and mind, happiness and a sense of freedom within the challenges of our day-to-day life. Luckily, the Buddha explored deep enough into all of this to give us some food for thought. Timeless reflections, applicable independent of culture, gender and belief. 4. You work with prisoners, refugees and cancer patients. Do you want to share a special memory you experienced of your meditation and mindfulness work in the last years? What deeply touches me is the relief students feel when they learn through own experience; that there is a set of tools and techniques they can apply anywhere and at anytime to support them. Mindfulness is an immensely versatile tool, which can, with the appropriate care and caution, be adapted to many situations. I've heard the very same expressions from prisoners as from people with special needs. Sometimes it's within the environment of increased hardship and challenge where people are ready to explore the techniques and dedicate time and effort to it. These are also the environments where I have seen the most transformation in people; expressions which then deepened my confidence and gratitude for the practice. Enroll now: The Buddha's Path to Happiness "The happiness path goes at times against the very grain of our impulses and habits" 5. How did you find your personal way of happiness? It was a windy road, which started off with curiosity and a sense of longing for something more than our consumer culture with its narrow sense of right and wrong. When I was I teenager, I strongly questioned the structures, institutions and common views I grew up with. And I started a search for alternatives, with all its challenges and dead-ends. Once I found insight meditation (vipassana) I had a sense of coming closer to what I was looking for. The undogmatic freedom of exploration I found in the teachings of the Buddha. The emphasis of personal responsibility instead of blind belief resonated with me. “We're still experiencing the same challenges and asking the same questions as people did thousands of years ago.” I could link this back to my personal experience of being a mother, a co-worker, a friend, a lover. None of this conflicted or contradicted these explorations. Over the course of months and years I could see how more freedom, more happiness and more skill to meet the challenges grew within. The exploration still continues. I see it as a gift. 6. Do you find time during your daily work to meditate and be mindful? As a mother of two, applying mindfulness in daily life is a very important aspect of practice. Qualities like kindness, compassion and equanimity show their potential then and there. I try to find a healthy balance between time off and on the cushion, enjoying long walks and being in nature. The support of mindfulness reveals itself in the depth of meditation as much as in going shopping in the supermarket with two children or having a meeting with work colleagues. Interested in enrolling on The Buddha's Path to Happiness? Discover more about the course here and sign up. New in: Find out more about Ulla's new donation-based course Mindfulness in Times of COVID-19. Interview by Veronika Eicher Veronika is a freelance writer. She likes to spend her free time working on her dream of a farm. On Instagram she writes about climate crises, nature and sustainable living.

The researchers behind the original 'happiness pie chart' share what they've learned in the past 15 years. By Kira M. Newman on behalf of Greater Good Science Center. Do you know the happiness pie chart? If you’ve read a book or listened to a talk about happiness in the past 15 years, there’s a good chance you heard that 50 per cent of our happiness is determined by our genes, 40 per cent by our activities, and 10 per cent by our life circumstances. Neat and tidy, the pie chart — originally proposed in a 2005 paper by researchers Sonja Lyubomirsky, Kennon M. Sheldon, and David Schkade — painted a clear picture of what contributes to our well-being. Unfortunately for some of us, the chart suggested, the genes we got from our parents play a big role in how fulfilled we feel. But it also contained good news: by engaging in healthy mental and physical habits, we can still exert a lot of control over our own happiness. RELATED: Is happiness genetic? In recent years, critics have raised questions about this simple formula — one that many summaries (including mine above) misreport anyway. And now, a decade and a half after the pie was baked, two of the authors are coming out to say that they agree with many of the criticisms. Even so, they add, their broader message still holds: It’s possible to take deliberate steps to get happier and to stay happier in life. The proof in the pie “When you are given a graph that is this clean, it seems reasonable to be skeptical,” warns George Mason University professor Todd Kashdan in his blog post critiquing the pie chart. While the pie has separate slices, he argues, our genes, our life circumstances, and our activities aren’t three isolated factors that influence our happiness directly. They can also influence each other, muddying those distinctions. The original happiness pie chart For example, Kashdan writes, you may have a gene for leadership, but you won’t necessarily turn into an adept leader unless you find yourself in the right life circumstances (for starters, a supportive social environment). Or, as the University of Groningen’s Nicholas Brown and the University of Leipzig’s Julia M. Rohrer write in their 2019 paper, perhaps you have a genetic disposition toward anxiety — activated by the circumstances of your stressful childhood — that is putting a damper on your happiness. As these examples illustrate, and new studies are showing, genes may be expressed or not depending on what happens in our lives (both what happens to us — our circumstances — and what we choose to do — our intentional activities). In the other direction, genes can influence our tendency to engage in activities that will make us happier, such as exercise, acts of kindness, or pursuing goals. RELATED: The power of kindness Even assuming these three factors could be totally separated, critics argue that the 50 per cent for genes and 10 per cent for life circumstances are underestimates — making the 40 per cent figure too high. For example, Brown and Rohrer cite recent research suggesting that the heritability of happiness is 70 to 80 per cent. The 10 per cent figure was based on studies mainly measuring demographics — like age, income, education, race, and sex, they point out. But the term “life circumstances” is extremely broad and includes (as Lyubomirsky and her colleagues noted in 2005) “the national, geographical, and cultural region in which a person resides.” But studies done in a single country probably won’t capture the widest possible variation in life circumstances like these, which may explain why the 10 percent slice is too small. “Happiness can be successfully pursued, but it is not easy.” Sonja Lyubomirsky and Kennon M. Sheldon Finally, even assuming the 50/40/10 was right, there is that crucial misunderstanding that countless speakers and publications have perpetuated: these numbers don’t represent how much of our individual happiness comes from various sources, but how much of the differences among people (in general) do. If your happiness is 8/10, you can’t say that 3.2 points of that is determined by your activities; you can merely say that just under half of the average gaps between your happiness and other people’s comes down to what activities everyone is doing. Put that way, not only is the conclusion less catchy, but the control we have over our own well-being seems much less significant. Happiness science today In their updated paper about the pie chart, Sheldon and Lyubomirsky acknowledge that they largely agree with these criticisms. The numbers were intended to be estimates in a thought experiment, says Lyubomirsky, adding that their original paper should have clarified how our genes, circumstances, and activities can influence and interact with each other. “Our aim [more than 18 years ago] was more to pose a question — is it possible for happiness to go up — and to stay up? — than to provide an answer,” says Lyubomirsky. “Like all pie charts, ours was a gross oversimplification.” What determines happiness? Unsplash/Fernando Brasil She and Sheldon also admit that activities may influence happiness less than they thought, contributing as little as 15 per cent of the differences in one study. On one hand, that might seem like bad news for those of us who devote substantial time and effort to our own self-improvement. On the other hand, it just confirms what we probably know already: “Happiness can be successfully pursued, but it is not ‘easy,’” they write. In other words, happiness for many people will simply be something that is hard won. For others, happiness may feel like a natural state. Debates aside, it’s clear that the optimistic message of the pie chart did inspire groundbreaking research over the last 15 years into positive psychology. We’ve learned that the behaviors and habits we engage in do matter — from gratitude to kindness to mindfulness — and that they can lead to an enduring happiness boost. And thanks to that research, we also have an understanding of what we can do to give ourselves the best chance of success: Choose activities that fit our personality and interests. Activities fit us better when they feel natural, enjoyable, and aligned with our values, rather than driven by guilt or other people’s expectations. Choose activities that are virtuous and meaningful, rather than obsessing about feeling good all the time. Hedonism won’t necessarily make you happy, even if you feel good in the moment. If we pursue pleasure, it shouldn’t be at the expense of living a meaningful life. We also need to pursue a purpose, and practice forgiveness, gratitude, and generosity — those give us a sense of competence, autonomy, and connection, which are core human needs. Commit to and put effort into the process. Unsurprisingly, people who invest more effort into their new habits see greater improvements in their well-being. Add variety into our routine. Doing an exercise — like writing gratitude letters — the same way over and over can mean that we become accustomed to it and don’t reap as many benefits. You have to keep your brain alive to possibilities. “People can create for themselves a steady inflow of engaging, satisfying, connecting, and uplifting positive experiences, thereby increasing the likelihood that they remain in the upper range of their happiness potentials,” Sheldon and Lyubomirsky write. At the end of the day, it’s impossible to predict how much happiness you’ll get from any specific change you make in life. We’re all individuals, and no pie chart can tell us that. What it can tell us, though, is that it’s worth it to try. ● Main image: shutterstock/Mavo This article originally appeared on Greater Good, the online magazine of the Greater Good Science Center at UC Berkeley. happiness.com is grateful to republish it with the kind permission of the Greater Good Science Center. greatergood.berkeley.edu

With 5 June being World Environment Day, we wanted to highlight some uplifting environmental stories for this month's Bright Side. Ed Gould rounds up his Top Ten from the past month. There were plenty of positive news stories that didn't necessarily get the attention they deserved in May. In fact, many of them related to the global environment which – perhaps understandably – was not always top of the mainstream media's agendum during a worldwide emergency. And, as it's World Environment Day on 5 June, let's take a look at some stories which will hopefully mean great things for the globe. 1. Endangered gibbons back from the brink Numerous news outlets, including the South China Morning Press, reported that a decades-long project to conserve the remaining numbers of Hainan gibbons has had major success. The number of gibbons had dropped to as low as ten in the 1970s following the loss of habitat, and they are thought to be the rarest apes on the planet. However, for the first time since then, their numbers have exceeded 30. Although still endangered, this is a big success for conservationists given the gibbons' low birth rate. Hanging around: Hainan gibbons have made a comeback 2. New disposable bottles will degrade naturally Rather than using fossil-fuel derived plastics for their disposable bottles, two big drinks manufacturers have announced their backing for a plant-based alternative. Coca-Cola and Carlsberg both said in May that they would help to upscale the production of these biodegradable bottles, which have been developed in the Netherlands. According to the Guardian, the bottles can be recycled, but won't last for more than a year if they're disposed of instead. 3. Deforestation success for indigenous Brazilian group Although illegal logging remains a serious problem in many parts of the world, including the Amazon basin, one group of indigenous Brazilians has won a lengthy court case to protect their corner of the world. A report in Latin Post stated that the Ashaninka people had won their day in court following a 20-year legal battle with loggers operating in their area. The equivalent of US$3 million has been awarded to the group in a compensation judgement handed down by the courts. 4. India sees a drop in carbon emissions As fewer people flew or took to their cars, May was a month that saw less carbon-intensive usage than usual in many developed economies. In India, the drop in carbon emissions was even more remarkable because the country has seen year-on-year rises for over 40 years. The BBC reported that India's lower energy usage was part of of the marked change seen in the first quarter of 2020. However, it also pointed out that the uptake of renewable sources of energy was now becoming widespread in the country, indicating this may be a long-term change – let's hope so. A typical India street scene shutterstock/Radiokafka 5. Garlic could help fight global warming Garlic is an everyday ingredient in many parts of the world, but could it play a part in saving it? Some Swiss bio-engineers think so. According to The New York Times, trials are now ongoing in the UK with the foodstuff being used as part of a supplement in the dietary intake of dairy herds. The cleverly-named Mootral feed supplement works by reducing harmful bacteria in the stomachs of cows. With less flatulent herds, it's believed that methane carbon emissions in the dairy sector could drop by over 30 per cent. According to the makers, the use of garlic will also help cows to burp less too! 6. BBC launches mindfulness app for kids Mindfulness may have helped many people during the recent Coronavirus crisis. However, getting younger children to be more mindful has been something of a challenge, especially as many have been outside of traditional schooling environments. The BBC launched an app to meet the demand for mindfulness among children called 'Your Mindful Garden'. It includes activities such as raking virtual sand and breathing exercises for younger ones to help them understand some of the concepts involved. The app is voiced by the actor Stephen Fry and is designed for daily use. RELATED: The benefits of meditation for kids 7. Rare bee spotted for the first time in years Whether a result of more people looking at nature or recent changes to pollution levels around the globe, some rare species have been spotted recently. Few were more scarce than the blue Calamintha bee, which was seen for the first time in years, creating a buzz in the United States. According to Fox News, the Osmia Calaminthae, a species of bee that was so rare it was thought to have been extinct, was spotted by Chase Kimmel, a researcher who works at the Florida Museum of Natural History. It's the first documented case of the rare bee in over four years! This small blue bee is making a big buzz! flickr/Bob Peterson 8. Huge solar plant announced for Nevada According to GreenTech Media, the world's largest solar plant has been given the green light. It will be built in Nevada and is expected to be able to produce 690 megawatts of energy once it's up and running. The Gemini Solar Project is expected to create about 900 construction jobs and will be completed by 2022. 9. Danish green hydrogen gets a boost The Financial Times reported that half a dozen Danish companies have come together in order to produce green hydrogen as an environmentally friendly fuel for heavy industry and the transportation sectors. The move will lead to one of the largest such plants in Europe. It's part of Denmark's attempts to be carbon neutral by 2050 and could mean that the use of natural gas in the country as a fuel is phased out by as soon as 2027. The conglomerate of green energy production has been backed by big names in the Danish energy, shipping and logistics industries. 10. US company uses rubbish for green hydrogen In another green hydrogen announcement made in May, a Californian company said it would soon start processing 42,000 tons of solid domestic waste to turn it into clean fuel. According to American press reports, the scheme will involve the use of household rubbish on a scale never previously seen before, which will make its price as competitive as other forms of hydrogen fuel. It's thought that landfill sites full of rubbish will now be able to be turned into clean energy and even collected rubbish will be taken directly to their processing plant. SGH2, the company behind the move, has partnered with the city of Lancaster to trial the scheme. ● Written by Ed Gould Ed Gould is a UK-based journalist and practitioner of Reiki.

What is the definition of happiness? Does it involve fancy holidays, flash cars or lavish shopping trips? Well, only if you want a cheap thrill. As Calvin Holbrook discovers, the true meaning of happiness lies in daily pleasure, engagement and life satisfaction. What is happiness? It’s the eternal question that’s been on the lips of philosophers, theologians and regular people like you and I for centuries. Much more recently, this question has received a great deal more attention from the scientific community. But does all the recent research into well-being bring us any closer to a well-rounded definition of happiness? Well, before getting into what science has discovered about what happiness truly is, perhaps it’s first easier to rule out what happiness definitely isn’t. 1. Happiness is not about being wealthy Data from the first half of the 20th century – a period of world wars and depression – indicated that happiness levels increased as household incomes rose. Researchers used to believe that more money made people happier. However, this is not the case nowadays. • JOIN US! Need support? Sign-up to join a community that cares • And while living in poverty surely makes happiness harder to achieve, recent research suggests that after a certain point, money does not buy us any more happiness. In a well-cited 2010 study by Daniel Kahneman and Angus Deaton from Princeton University, a magic number was put on the relation between happiness and income: $75,000 (€65,000). The researchers found that money increases happiness up until this amount annually, but exceeding that amount, there is no rise in happiness. What is happiness? Experiences with loved-ones is one of its main elements One key exception to money not leading to happiness is when you choose to spend your cash on experiences, specifically with friends and family. In their book Happy Money: The Science of Smarter Spending, authors Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton showed that spending our hard-earned cash on experiences or investing it in others does makes us happy. “By giving to another person, you’re… creating a connection and a conversation with that person, and those things are really good for happiness," says Norton, an associate professor of marketing at Harvard Business School. 2. Happiness is not feeling joyful 24 hours a day When trying to answer the question 'What is happiness?', science also suggests that happiness does not come from feeling happy all of the time. Indeed, almost all happy people will experience periods of sadness in their lives. In fact, what researchers have found is that humans have a baseline level or 'set-point' of happiness. This psychological term describes our general level of happiness, and all humans have different set-points: those with higher ones will be happier most of the time compared with those that have a less joyful outlook (and lower set-point). “What is happiness? Science suggests that happiness does not come from feeling happy all the time. Almost all happy people will experience periods of sadness in their lives.”  It follows then that unhappy life events shift happiness levels below their set-point while positive or exciting events boost your happiness levels above your set-point. However, sooner or later, when the life event finishes, happiness levels returns to their natural base level (that's why we often feel the 'holiday blues' when coming down from the high of a recent trip). RELATED: 6 ways travel boosts your mental health and happiness 3. Happiness is not a destination, it's a journey Many people still view happiness as a destination to arrive at after they’ve achieved certain tick-lists: the well-paid job, the partner, the mortgage, the kids, the latest hi-tech gadget or pair of sneakers. Happiness is flow: find what you love to do and do more of it! But often we forget that we're living in the present, and this is key: to experience happiness as journey and not a destination. Likewise, it takes effort to gain and maintain happiness. Indeed, many techniques for becoming happier – such as writing a gratitude journal or exercising – only work if they are regular habits and not one-off events. On the contrary, one-off life events such as getting married or getting a promotion will bring some short-term happiness but this will quickly wear off (remember that set-point?). So, what exactly is a good definition of happiness? Now we know what it isn’t, how can we define happiness? In her well-respected book The How of Happiness, positive psychology researcher Sonja Lyubomirsky defines happiness as: “the experience of joy, contentment, or positive well-being, combined with a sense that one’s life is good, meaningful, and worthwhile.” So, day-to-day pleasure and meaning in life (through job satisfaction, for example) are considered two key factors in defining what happiness is. This resonates with the ancient Greeks who believed happiness consisted of two parts: Hedonia or pleasure, and Eudaimonia or meaning. More recently, positive psychologists – such as Martin Seligman in his 2002 book Authentic Happiness – have added the component of ‘engagement’ or ‘flow’ to the happiness definition. Combining these trio of happiness components – pleasure, meaning and engagement – psychologists have come up with a scientific term for defining happiness: subjective-well being (SWB). What is the definition of happiness? © YouTube/Greater Good Science Center So, your SWB, or happiness, is a combination of how good you feel on a daily basis, how satisfied you are with your life (does your life have meaning?), and how engaged you are with both activities that you love and your network of friends and family. Luckily, aside from our genetics – which determine or set-point of happiness – we can keep working on the happiness variables by enhancing engagement, meaning and purpose in our lives. Indeed, with consistent practice, we can create life-long habits which will ultimately lead to a more satisfying, fulfilling and joyful life. Now that’s our definition of happiness! ● happiness.com | The fine art of being: learn, practise, share Are you a happiness.com member yet? Sign up for free now to: ■ enjoy our happiness magazine with practical life tips ■ share and support others in our happiness forum ■ learn with free online classes in our happiness Academy Positive Psychology | Mindfulness | Compassion Written by Calvin Holbrook Calvin edits the happiness magazine, as well being an artist and lover of swimming, yoga, dancing, and all things vintage! Find out more.

Do you ever get stressed at work? Many of us do. In fact, stress and depression account for around half of lost working days in the UK. Find out your work stress level by taking our questionnaire and then discover ways you can manage it effectively. What are the main causes of the stress you encounter in your job? It could be a combination of some of the following: a heavy workload, unclear expectations, lack of agenda and decision-making abilities, an overload of responsibilities, and boundaries that are not respected. If you feel stressed at work, you are not alone: According to the 2019 publication Work-related stress, anxiety or depression statistics in Great Britain, there were just over 600, 000 workers in the UK suffering from work-related stress, depression or anxiety (new or long-standing) in 2018/19. Over the same period, just under 13 million working days were lost due to these conditions. And stress, depression or anxiety accounted for 44 per cent of all work-related ill health cases and 54 per cent of all working days lost due to ill health. To help understand this we’ve developed the stress at work questionnaire. If you haven't completed it yet, please do so by hitting the link below. It takes less than three minutes and will shed some light on your personal experience at work and inspire you to think about the causes of stress you encounter in your job in a way that allows you to dig deeper into understanding and consequently managing your work stress. Stress at work questionnaire After you’ve gotten the result from your stress at work questionnaire, it's time to analyze it. The results are on a scale from zero to 60, with zero representing no stress at all and 60 an extreme and even dangerous amount of stress. What do you think about your result? Did it match your expectations? Share your thoughts with us in the happiness Forum. What causes stress? Stress generally refers to two things: the psychological perception of pressure (real and imagined/ anticipated), and the body's response to it. Avoiding an accident on the way to work will cause stress as well as social tension, or the fear of being held responsible for a bad result at work. This all triggers the release of stress hormones, including adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones increase heartbeat and the circulation of blood to support quick action, fast breathing, focused attention, and more. But this lifesaving bodily response is only meant to solve short-term, acute problems. What is chronic stress? While occasional stress can be motivating and energizing – even life-saving – chronic stress is harmful, not only to our mental but also to our physical health. The signs of prolonged stress include headaches, insomnia or problems falling asleep, a racing heartbeat, stomach aches, muscle tension, and concentration difficulties, among others. Chronic stress can emerge in the absence of severe incidents by ruminating about anticipated problems, changes and challenges. Any situation you perceive as threatening, or which requires you to adjust to a change, can set the stress response off. This is not necessarily the best way to deal with ongoing difficulties such as unrealistic demands at work or hierarchical problems in a company. When the stress response gets continuously triggered, the mind and body stay in the state of high alert, which, over time, will cause wear and tear, as we fail to enter the important state of rest and recovery. Indeed, Segen's Medical Dictionary defines chronic stress as: “A state of prolonged tension from internal or external stressors [causes of stress], which may cause various physical manifestations – e.g., asthma, back pain, arrhythmias, fatigue, headaches, hypertension, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcers – and suppress the immune system.” Similarly, Wikipedia states: “While the immediate effects of stress [hormones] are beneficial in a particular short-term situation, long-term exposure to stress creates a [constant] high level of these hormones. This may lead to high blood pressure (and subsequently heart disease), damage to muscle tissue, inhibition of growth, suppression of the immune system, and damage to mental health.” How can we manage our stress levels? Here we need to distinguish between inner and outer factors. Stress management is not made to endure unacceptable and toxic work environments but to keep us healthy and encourage improvements within ourselves at the workplace in a calm and productive way. The first and most important step is the realization that we are actually stressed. Only the acceptance of the fact that stress is there allows us to do something about it. Though stress is often inevitable, you can help control your body's response to it. Exercise, meditation, invoking the relaxation response, and mindfulness are great stress busters. By actively managing our stress we change from passively sitting in the passenger seat of our stress reaction into actively choosing our response to the situation. Accepting that there is stress also doesn't mean that we have to endure it but that we see it for what it is. We are then able to analyze the situation and choose how we work within ourselves and in regard to the organization we work for. We have more clarity, are able to really listen to and understand other points of view, and find satisfying solutions that consider all parties involved. We can navigate difficult situations more skillfully and become aware of mechanisms at the workplace that cause unnecessary amounts of work and can, therefore, address them calmly. Stress management resources Explore these articles from happiness.com and wider afield to discover practical tips that can help you manage your stress effectively. Mindfulness at work: 6 productive tips 11 science-backed ways to feel stress-free, fast MBSR - Meditation based stress reduction - Free 8-week online course The amazing effects of MBSR: backed up by science Building resilience: 5 strategies for thriving Why Stress Is Both Good and Bad – Psychology Today The three types of stress – Psychology Today Sources Work-related stress, anxiety or depression statistics in Great Britain, 2019 – Health and safety executive [13.05.2020] Stress – Harvard Health [12.05.2020] How stress affects your health – American Psychological Association [12.05.2020] Stress: Psychology and Biology – Encyclopaedia Britannica [12.05.2020] Defining Stress – Explore IM: UCLA Collaborative Centers for Integrative Medicine [12.05.2020] Stress – Psychology Today [12.05.2020] Images: Alexander Schimmeck, Simon Abrams, Marvin Meyer on Unsplash Written by Tine Steiss Tine is an artist, meditator, media engineer, activist and MBSR teacher. If she's not reading or writing she's working on turning her city garden into an edible paradise. Find out more about Tine on herrberta.art.

If you're an anxious person, practising yoga regularly could help to regulate your stress response. From regulating breathing to breaking the worry cycle, Calvin Holbrook examines the benefits of yoga for anxiety. Plus, discover some great videos to get you started. Most of us have experienced feelings of anxiety during our lives. From a small case of butterflies in the stomach to full-blown panic, anxiety is a natural response to what we see as stressful situations, and one that can help us react appropriately when we really are in danger. So, how could yoga help us cope with anxiety? For those of us living with an anxiety disorder, feelings of fear often aren’t a rational response to external circumstances. Furthermore, they can develop into a dominating and disruptive influence in the form of panic attacks or panic disorders such as agoraphobia. In England, one in six people experience a common mental health problem (such as anxiety and depression) in any given week. Similar figures exist in the USA. Here, anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness, affecting 40 million adults – roughly 18 per cent of the population – every year. Yoga can help relieve stress shutterstock/4 PM Production Those living with extreme anxiety issues often experience a hyperarousal of the fight/flight survival response in the form of panic attacks, which creates a feeling of urgent fear and ignorable physical symptoms. Indeed, many people think they are about to die during an attack. So, how can someone experiencing this begin to calm down when their brain and body is telling them they are in mortal danger? How yoga can help with anxiety A 2006 study from UCLA’s Department of Psychiatry showed that almost 30 per cent of anxiety disorder patients may be “treatment resistant”, finding front-line interventions such as medication ineffective. This in part may help to explain why so many people with anxiety seek alternative treatments. Indeed, a 2001 study from Harvard Medical School showed that just over half – 56 per cent – of the 2,000 people questioned living with anxiety disorders seek alternative and complementary medicine. RELATED: How to stop a panic attack – 12 tips on what to do when anxiety hits hard Yoga is just one of those alternative treatments. Incorporating postures, meditation, visualization, and breath focus, the overall practice of yoga can elicit the relaxation response, allowing both the mind and body and mind to calm down. And, while yoga is an ancient practice, many of the systems of yoga – believed to be created by the sage Patanjali – feature elements used in modern anxiety treatments: relaxation techniques focused on breath regulation, cognitive reframing, behavioural recommendations, mindfulness of sensory input, as well as methods for greater cognitive flexibility, stress reduction and increased concentration. “Yoga elicits the relaxation response, allowing both the mind and body and mind to calm down.” Because yoga is a mind-body practice, people who do it become more aware of the link between their minds and bodies. This can help them to become less anxious. Furthermore, through practising yoga regularly, those living with anxiety are also unconsciously building resilience and learning to regulate their stress response. Yoga therapy for anxiety is also a great option as it's a long-term, safe, and relatively inexpensive treatment option. Ways yoga can help with anxiety Here are four specific ways yoga can help you if you're an anxious or easily stressed person. 1. Yoga helps us to regulate our breathing When we're anxious or stressed, our breathing often becomes rapid or shallow. We may even (unconsciously) start to hold our breath. As our breath is intimately connected to our nervous system, negative changes in it feed back to increase feelings of anxiety. Reversely, if we deepen and slow our breathing, it soothes and relaxes the nervous system. Breathing is integral to yoga and practising it teaches us how to breathe with awareness. Furthermore, we can take this breath focus with us outside of the yoga class and implement it in day-to-day stressful situations. .embed-container { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } Yoga breathing exercises for anxiety YouTube/WebMD 2. Yoga lowers tension and promotes relaxation Ever felt your body becoming tenser while stressed or anxious? Our bodies often constrict during periods of anxiety and stress. We start to hold tension in our back, shoulders, jaw, neck, or elsewhere. Yoga can help us to relax and lower our physical tension, in turn release the power that anxiety has on us. .embed-container { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } Yoga for relaxation YouTube/Yoga With Adriene 3. Yoga breaks worry cycles Stepping onto the yoga mat gives us a chance to be mindful. As postures require focus, yoga helps with anxiety by forcing us to concentrate on our breath, bodies and movement, therefore letting go of other worries and negative thoughts. If we practise yoga regularly enough, this can help us break our worry cycles and reduce anxious thoughts. .embed-container { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } Yoga to Calm Your Nerves YouTube/Yoga With Adriene 4. Yoga trains us to accept discomfort We naturally run away from discomfort, but we may experience it while holding various yoga poses. Yoga asks us to experience this uncomfortable feeling for a while and not try to escape it. Knowing that we can experience discomfort and deal with it can help us when coping with anxiety, for example, encouraging us to ride through a panic attack instead of trying to run away from it. .embed-container { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } 20-min yoga for anxiety workout: YouTube/Yoga With Adriene Yoga for anxiety: the scientific evidence In recent years, increasing numbers of scientific studies have backed up the ideas above. Indeed, much of the existing research suggests that yoga is an effective additional therapy for people living with anxiety when used alongside other recommended methods such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, relaxation techniques and medication. Various studies have been completed which point to the clinical value in including yoga in anxiety treatment. A 2010 study published in The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine compared a group doing a 12-week yoga intervention with a similar group practicing walking instead. Those doing yoga were associated with greater improvements in mood and anxiety than those doing the walking exercise. Similarly, a 2007 study from Adelaide’s University of South Australia that compared yoga with relaxation techniques concluded that a 10-week yoga programme reduces stress, anxiety and improves health status in several key ways. “Because yoga is a mind-body practice, people who do it become more aware of the link between their minds and bodies. This can help them to become less anxious.” Furthermore, a 2005 German study backed up these results. Twenty-four women who described themselves as ‘emotionally distressed’ took two 90-minute yoga classes a week over three months. At the same time, a control group maintained usual activities without engaging in any exercise or stress-reduction techniques. At the end of the three-month practise period, the yoga group of women reported improvements in energy, perceived stress, fatigue and overall well-being. Impressively, depression scores improved by 50 per cent while anxiety scores by 30 per cent. The takeaway: yoga for anxiety As the studies outline above, yoga has proven benefits for those living with anxiety and stress. Regularly practising it can help you to build resilience and regulate your stress response, helping you to feel calmer and happier . ● Are there other ways you've found that yoga helps with anxiety and dealing with stress? Please share with the community below... Written by Calvin Holbrook Calvin edits our magazine and is a lover of swimming, yoga, dancing to house/techno, and all things vintage. Find out more.